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Contradictions that Bind: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

Contradictions that Bind: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861). Related Topics Covered in Lecture 3. Louisiana Purchase (1803) – Jefferson’s victory War of 1812 – A draw “spun” as a triumph Missouri Compromise (1820) – uneasy handling of slavery issue

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Contradictions that Bind: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

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  1. Contradictions that Bind: Expansion and Reform (1801-1861)

  2. Related Topics Covered in Lecture 3 • Louisiana Purchase (1803) – Jefferson’s victory • War of 1812 – A draw “spun” as a triumph • Missouri Compromise (1820) – uneasy handling of slavery issue • Andrew Jackson’s background and rise of Democratic Party – a gentleman of the frontier epitomizing new realities of mass-based politics

  3. Jackson’s “War” on the National Bank

  4. Nullification Crisis (1832-1833) • Nominally fought over a protective tariff, but slavery was the proverbial 800 pound elephant in the room • Could states render individual federal laws null and void? • Jackson battled his own vice-president, John C. Calhoun, before a compromise was reached

  5. Emergence of Whig Party

  6. Trail of Tears

  7. Election of 1840 – “Log Cabin and Hard Cider” Campaign

  8. Manifest Destiny

  9. Mexican War (1846-1848)

  10. Consequences of Mexican War • Case of “territorial indigestion” – slavery question exacerbated due to Wilmot Proviso • Fears among anti-slavery advocates of “slave power” conspiracy • Heightened partisanship amidst claims of “Mr. Polk’s War”

  11. Spectrum of Opinion on Slavery(In order of greatest defenders to strongest opponents) • Southern Democrats (siege mentality) • Northern Democrats • Free Soilers and, eventually, Republicans Whigs • Abolitionists • John Brown

  12. Free Soilers as Third Party

  13. Compromise of 1850 – another “band aid” fix

  14. Uncle Tom’s Cabin

  15. Kansas-Nebraska Act (“slave power” conspiracy at work?)

  16. Birth of Republican Party (1854) • Moderate in that it advocated only containing the expansion of slavery rather than eliminating it where it already existed. • At this point only a sectional party. • Appealed to former Whigs and Free Soilers

  17. “Bleeding Kansas”/Caning of Charles Sumner

  18. Dred Scott Decision by Supreme Court (1857) • Ruling occurred at a time when the majority of justices were slaveholders and/or supported the practice. • Court found that Scott never should have been able to bring suit in the first place. • If a slave lives in a free territory, that has no bearing on one’s legal status. • Congress has no right to bar slavery in the territories (thus Compromise of 1820 was null and void).

  19. Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858)

  20. John Brown’s Raid at Harper’s Ferry

  21. Election of 1860

  22. Useful Primary Sources • Webster-Hayne Debate (1830) • Speckled Snake reply to Andrew Jackson (1830) • “Appeal to the Christian Women of the South” by Angelina Grimke (1836) • “Annexation” by John O’Sullivan (1845) • First Republican Party Platform (1856)

  23. Useful Primary Sources Excerpts from Hinton Helper’s The Impending Crisis of the South (1857) • Excerpts from Lincoln-Douglas Debates (1858) • “On the Death of John Brown” by William Lloyd Garrison (1859) • South Carolina Declaration of Independence (1860) • “Cornerstone” Speech by Alexander Stephens (1861)

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