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Understanding Brain Scanning Technologies: Insights into Ablation, Lesioning, EEG, PET, and fMRI

This article explores various brain scanning technologies, focusing on methods such as ablation and lesioning. Ablation involves the removal of brain tissue, while lesioning creates intentional damage to study brain functions, as demonstrated in the classic 1942 Hetherington and Ranson rat study on hunger regulation via the hypothalamus. We also discuss non-invasive techniques like EEG, which records electrical activity, and PET scans that monitor glucose metabolism, allowing visualization of brain activity and abnormalities. Finally, fMRI is highlighted as a high-resolution technique revealing real-time brain activity.

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Understanding Brain Scanning Technologies: Insights into Ablation, Lesioning, EEG, PET, and fMRI

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Brain Scanning Technology BLOA

  2. How do we know what’s going on inside the brain?

  3. What do these techniques involve? • Ablation • Lesioning

  4. Ablation – removing part of the brain • Lesion – scarring or damage (either intentionally as part of an operation, or due to accidental brain damage

  5. Fat Rats • How do we know when to stop eating?

  6. Hetherington and Ranson (1942) • Hetherington and Ranson (1942) • Experimented using rats • Lesioned the ventromedial hypothalamus • Rats ate far more than usual • Researchers believed this proved that the hypothalamus stops us from eating too much. • More recent research suggests that we still do not fully understand the role of the hypothalamus (though it is involved in the regulation of hunger)

  7. What alternatives do we have now to lesioning and ablation?

  8. One technique is the EEG • Show Brain Story

  9. Electroencephalogram (EEG) • EEG

  10. EEG

  11. EEG • Watch

  12. EEG

  13. EEG

  14. PET • A PET scan monitors glucose metabolism in the brain • Patient given radioactive glucose • PET detects radioactive particles • Produces coloured maps of brain activity • Can detect abnormalities like tumours • Used in Alzheimers research • Can compare differences in normal and abnormal brains

  15. Positron Emission Topography (PET)

  16. PET

  17. PET

  18. PET • Gur et al (1995)

  19. functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) • fMRI uses magnetic fields and radiowaves • Shows actual brain activity • Higher resolution than PET

  20. fMRI

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