1. Summary of Tenses

2. There are nine indicative tenses: present habla he speaks preterit habló he spoke imperfect hablaba he was speaking future hablará he will speak conditional hablaría he would speak present perfect ha hablado he has spoken past perfect había hablado he had spoken future perfect habrá hablado he will have spoken conditional perf. habría hablado he would have spoken

3. There’s a trick to keeping the perfect tenses straight. First of all, of course, all four have the past participle (hablado, comido, vivido). Then . . . The PRESENT perfect is the The PAST perfect is the PRESENT of “haber” (which isPAST (imperfect) tense of irregular) + past participle: “haber” + past participle: he hemos había habíamos has habéis + hablado habías habíais + hablado ha han había habían The FUTURE perfect is the FUTURE The CONDITIONAL perfect is the of “haber” + past participle: CONDITIONAL of “haber” + past part.: habré habremos habría habríamos habrás habréis + hablado habrías habríais + hablado habrá habrán habría habrían

4. Also remember that, in English . . . future = willconditional = would perfect = have, has, or had Therefore, future perfect = will have conditionalperfect = wouldhave

5. Click here to go to a brief practice exercise.

6. On the next page you’ll find a summary of ALL indicative AND subjunctive tenses.

7. IndicativeTranslation ofSubjunctive both ind. & subj. present habla he speaks hable preterit habló he spoke imperfect hablaba he was speaking hablara* future hablará he will speak conditional hablaría he would speak pres.perf. ha hablado he has spoken haya hablado pluperf. había hablado he had spoken hubiera hablado future perf. habrá hablado he will have spoken cond. perf. habría hablado he would have spoken *Because there is no preterit subjunctive, the imperfect subjunctive serves as the only past tense in the subjunctive and can translate as the imperfect does AND as the preterit does.

8. Clickhereto go to a brief practice exercise.