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SFFMA Training Objectives: Effective Victim Extrication Techniques for Emergency Situations

This training module focuses on essential rescue operations aimed at effective victim extrication from motor vehicle accidents. Participants will learn to package victims for emergency transportation, demonstrate spine stabilization, and perform transfer procedures to ambulances. The course entails a comprehensive assessment of crash scenes, stabilization of vehicles, and the utilization of specialized extrication tools such as hydraulic spreaders, air bags, and air chisels. Trainees will engage in practical exercises that emphasize safety, scene management, and proper victim care throughout the extrication process.

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SFFMA Training Objectives: Effective Victim Extrication Techniques for Emergency Situations

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  1. CVFD Training – Rescue Operations SFFMA Training Objectives: 9-01.05

  2. Practical Exercise • Trainee shall demonstrate the techniques of packaging a victim for emergency transportation by: • A. given a short/long spine board and wrapping materials, demonstrate the stabilizing of a victims spineand cervical area of the body, and • B. given a packaged victim and stretcher, demonstrate the transfer procedures of victims from their rescuescene.

  3. Placing a Patient on an Ambulance Cot

  4. Extrication From Motor Vehicle • Motor vehicle crashes are common rescue situations. • Knowledge, experience, and skill are most valuable tools. • Extrication means to free, release, or disentangle a patient from entrapment. • Operations may be simple or complex. • Operations at an extrication incident should follow a pre-determined sequence of events.

  5. Incident Action Plan • Scene assessment • Establishing work areas • Vehicle stabilization • Patient access • Disentanglement • Patient removal • Scene stabilization

  6. Extrication Tools (1 of 3) • They range from basic to specialized tools. • Hydraulic tools are operated by gasoline engine, electric motor, or air-driven motor. • Spreaders are used to push and pull. • Cutters are used for different tasks. • Rams are used for pushing. • Combination tools spread and cut.

  7. Extrication Tools (2 of 3) • Air bags come in high-pressure and low/medium-pressure. • High-pressure bags operate at a maximum inflation pressure of about 130 psi. • Bags come in sizes ranging from 6”x 6” to 36”x 36”. • Low/medium-pressure bags can lift very heavy loads.

  8. Extrication Tools (3 of 3) • Air chisels are valuable tools for rescue operations. • Reciprocating saws are also gaining popularity.

  9. Gasoline Engines

  10. Spreaders and Cutters

  11. Rams and Combination Tools

  12. High-Pressure Air Bags

  13. Low-Pressure Air Bags

  14. Air Chisel and Reciprocating Saw

  15. Crash Scene Assessment • Traffic • Number and types of vehicles involved • Number and apparent extent of injuries • Disentanglement requirements • Other associated hazards

  16. Additional Resources • Additional ambulances • Specialized extrication equipment • Additional law enforcement • Specialized technical rescue equipment

  17. Establish Work Areas • Use of cones • Natural barriers • Law enforcement

  18. Vehicle Stabilization • It may be simple or complex. • Determine the type necessary. • You may use cribbing. • You may need additional tools.

  19. Patient Access • It is necessary to care for the patient. • Patient may need care prior to removal. • It may be as simple as opening a door. • You may need additional tools.

  20. Disentanglement • Disassembly • Distortion • Displacement • Severance

  21. Patient Removal • Careful of sharp metal and edges • Tools removed from egress path • Tools retrieved and fire hazard monitored

  22. Scene Stabilization • Secure unresolved hazards. • Remove tools and cribbing that may create hazards. • Remain at the scene until the vehicle is removed. • Tow cable risks. • Fluid and vehicle debris. • Remove barriers.

  23. Specialized Rescue Situations and Tools • There are a variety of other rescues a firefighter may face. • Specialized training beyond this course is needed. • This is designed as a familiarization.

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