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Timeline of Universe: From Big Bang to Homo Sapiens and Plate Tectonics

Explore the major events in the history of everything, from the formation of the universe to the appearance of Homo Sapiens and the theory of plate tectonics. Witness the evolution of life, continents, and atmospheric changes over billions of years.

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Timeline of Universe: From Big Bang to Homo Sapiens and Plate Tectonics

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  1. The ENTIRE HISTORY of EVERYTHING (Abridged)

  2. Major Events: • Formation of universe.                        About 10 - 16 BYBP • Formation of the Earth.                      About 4 - 6 BYBP • Appearance of simple cells.                  About 3.5 - 4 BYBP (including cyanobacteria) •  Appearance of complex cells, including eukaryotic algae.                About 1 - 3 BYBP • Appearance of sex.                               About 1 - 3 BYBP

  3. Major Events • Appearance of multicellular life including colonial Eukaryotic algae.  About 1BYBP • Cambrian explosion.             About 500 MYBP (= 0.5 BYBP) •  First land plants. (Simple mosses and relatives)                   About 450 MYBP •  First ferns and relatives                       About 380 MYBP •  First conifers                                     About 350 MYBP • Major extinction, end of Permian About 350 MYBP

  4. Major Events •  First Angiosperms                           About 200 MYBP • Major extinction, end of Mesozoic  About 60 MYBP • Appearance of Homo Sapiens.          <  1 MYBP • Classes start, summer quarter, 2nd term July 26th 2004 • See also here (timeline graphic).

  5. Atmosphere and Continents: • At first: Hydrogen, (H2), Helium (He) N2 Methane (CH4) Ammonia (NH3). No oxygen. • Later organic compounds, then as life began to diversify, oxygen. Produced at first by photosynthetic cyanobacteria. Free oxygen was toxic to many species of early bacteria, this may have encouraged endosymbiosis. • The theory of plate tectonics has allowed scientists to reconstruct patterns of continental drift.

  6. Ohio Geology • Good record of Paleozoic and Ice age (Cenozoic) • Poor record of Mesozoic (unconformity) • Paleozoic sediments exposed with age increasing East > West. • Presence of up to 100 discernable cyclothems. • The oceans come in, the oceans go out. The mountains go up, the mountains come down. Animals and plants live, animals and plants die. Repeat.

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