1. A Key to Indicator Selection Indicators by definition “indicate” some underlying parameter. Thus, any indicator selection system fundamentally requires some kind of knowledge framework. • Action Effectiveness Questions • Threat Status Questions

2. Introducing CAMLThe Conservation Actions& Measures Library

3. Measuring the Effectiveness of State Wildlife Grants and Wildlife Action Plans

4. The Need for Measures Question: On a scale of 1 to 10, how important is it that states develop a means of evaluating the effectiveness of projects funded with state wildlife grants? Office of Mngmt & Budget (OMB) Answer: 15 !!!

5. Karl Hess (USFWS) Ron Essig (USFWS) Connie Young-Dubovsky (USFWS) Amielle DeWan (DOW) Tess Present (NAS) Shelley Green (TNC) Mary Klein (NatureServe) Mathew Birnbaum (NFWF) Bob Berg (Consultant) Terra Rentz (AFWA/TWS) Nick Salafsky (FOS) Caroline Stem (FOS) Faith Balch (MN) Dana Baxley (KY) Tara Bergeson (WI) Chris Burkett (VA) Wendy Connally (TX) Jenny Dickson (CT) Mike Harris (GA) Eric Rickerson (OR) Tracey Tomajer (NY) Mark Humpert (AFWA) Priya Nanjappa (AFWA) Working Group

6. Bat Cave Results Chain

7. Bat Cave Results Chain

8. Bat Cave Results Chain i # breaches i # bats i # juveniles i # distinct cat tracks

9. Plover Results Chain i # breaches i # eggs i # juveniles i # disturbed nests

10. Generic Results Chain

11. Common State Actions • Land Protection • Data Collection/Surveys • Outreach to Key Resource Users • Species Restoration • Management Planning • Create New Habitat/Natural Processes • Conservation Area Designation • Training and Technical Assistance • Land Use Planning • Environmental Review • Direct Management

12. Species Restoration Definition of Action Examples “Generic” Results Chain

13. Crosswalk Table Result Questions Measures Objective

14. Questionnaire This is all most folks would see for performance reporting purposes!!

15. US Fish and Wildlife Service WILDLIFE TRACS Database

16. OMB Is Happy “You should know that I have been able to fight for State Wildlife Grant budget compared to other grant programs because of this effort to show impact.” - OMB Examiner

17. We Now Have Standard Results Chains for 11 Common State Conservation Actions… • Land Protection • Data Collection/Surveys • Outreach to Key Resource Users • Species Restoration • Management Planning • Create New Habitat/Natural Processes • Conservation Area Designation • Training and Technical Assistance • Land Use Planning • Environmental Review • Direct Management

18. and for 8 Actions in Central Africa • Protected Area Management: Patrols • Training & Capacity Building • Partner Engagement General • Wildlife Law Compliance & Enforcement • Protected Area Mngmt: Designation & Gazettement • Public Campaigns to Change Values & Behavior • Surveys & Monitoring of Target & Threats Status • Best Practice Guidelines for Extractive Industry

19. Wildlife Law Enforcement:Generic Results Chain Engage court personnel Work with legal advisors Share info with courts

20. Wildlife Law Enforcement:Generic Results Chain

21. Wildlife Law Enforcement:Generic Results Chain Obj 1. Traffickers Identified By Y date, most/all large-scale wildlife trafficers in the region identified. Obj 5. Traffickers Punished Most/all traffickers convicted serve full jail term / pay fines. Ind 1. # / % of Traffickers Identified Ind 5, # / % of Traffickers Punished

22. Actions as the Basic Unit of Learning TM Adaptive Management Software for Conservation Projects Actions are: • Unit of work • More likely to share failures

23. These Actions Fit in Larger Classification

24. These Actions Fit in Larger Classification IUCN – CMP Actions Classification: Levels 1 & 2

25. Just Like Biology Has “Type Specimens” We Need “Generic” Actions & Measures

26. Introducing CAML: The Conservation Actions & Measures Library

27. Threats Indicate Status & Effectiveness

28. Viability Equivalent of Threat Status= Guide to Standard Threat Indicators