Conjugating a Fourth Conjugation Verb

1. Conjugating a Fourth Conjugation Verb audio amire audivi auditus

2. All About Verbs Each verb has 4 principal parts audio audire audivi auditus First Person Singular Present ActiveI love Present active Infinitive To love First Person SingularPerfect ActiveI have loved Perfect Passive ParticipleHaving been loved

3. Finding the Present Stem Find the second principal part of the verb. audio audire audivi auditus The present stem is the second principal part – re. audire - re = audi

4. Present Active Tense The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular Plural First Person mus we o I tis you Second Person you s he, she,it nt they Third Person t Present Active Endings

5. Present Active I heardI am heardI do heard First Person We heardWe are heardWe do heard audi o audi mus Second Person You heardYou are heardYou do heard You heardYou are heardYou do heard audi tis audi s He heardHe is heardHe did heard Third Person They heardThey are heardThey do heard audi t audiu nt Nota Bene: There is a un in the third person plural.

6. Present Passive Tense The present passive tense = Present Stem + Present Passive Endings Singular Plural First Person mur we or I mini you Second Person you ris he, she,it ntur they Third Person tur Present Passive Endings

7. Present Passive We are heard I am heard First Person audi or audi mur Second Person You are heard audi mini audi ris You are heard He is heard They are heard Third Person audi tur audiu ntur Nota Bene: There is a u in the third person plural.

8. Imperfect Tense Present Stem + BA + Present Endings Nota Bene: In the imperfect an e is inserted before the ba Imperfect Active Imperfect Passive audie ba m I heard audie ba r I was heard audie ba s You heard audie ba ris You were heard He heard audie ba tur He was heard audie ba t We heard audie ba mur We were heard audie ba mus You heard audie ba mini You were heard audie ba tis They were heard They heard audie ba ntur audie ba nt

9. Future Tense Present Stem + e + Present Endings Nota Bene: In the first person singular a replaces the e. Imperfect Active Imperfect Passive I will hear audi a m audi a r I will be heard audi e s You will hear audi e ris You will be heard He will hear audi e tur He will be heard audi e t We will hear audi e mur We will be heard audi e mus You will hear audi e mini You will be heard audi e tis They will hear audi e ntur audi e nt They will be heard

10. Finding the Perfect Stem Find the third principal part of the verb. audio audire audivi auditus The perfect stem is the second principal part – i. audivi - i = audiv

11. Perfect Active Tense The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular Plural First Person imus we i I istis you Second Person you isti he, she,it erunt they Third Person it Perfect Active Endings

12. First Person audiv i I heardI have heardI did hear audiv imus We heardWe have heardWe did hear You heardYou have heardYou did hear Second Person audiv istis audiv isti You heardYou have heardYou did hear Third Person audiv it audiv erunt They I heardThey have heardThey did hear He heardHe has heardHe did hear Perfect Active

13. Pluperfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + era + Present Endings Pluperfect Active audiv era m I had heard audiv era s You had heard audiv era t He had heard audiv era mus We had heard You had heard audiv era tis audiv era nt They had heard

14. Future Perfect Active Tense Perfect Stem + eri + Present Endings Pluperfect Active audiv er o I will have heard audiv eri s You will have heard audiv eri t He will have heard audiv eri mus We will have heard audiv eri tis You will have heard audiv eri nt They will have heard

15. Perfect Passive System 1. Uses the fourth principal part which is called the perfect passive participle (PPP). amo, amare, amavi, amatus. -a. -um 2. The perfect passive participle (PPP) is a verbal adjective and must agree with the subject of the sentence. If the subject is puella (feminine singular), the PPP will be audita. If the subject is puellae (feminine plural), the PPP will be auditae. If the subject is vir (masculine singular), the PPP will be auditus. If the subject is viri (masculine plural), the PPP will be auditi. If the subject is oppidum (neuter singular), the PPP will be auditum. If the subject is oppida (neuter plural), the PPP will be audita.

16. Present Passive Tense PPP + Present Tense of Sum Perfect Passive Auditus – a - um sum I have been heard Auditus – a - um es You have been heard Auditus –a -um est He have been heard Auditi –ae -a sumus We have been heard You have been heard Auditi –ae –a estis They have been heard Auditi – ae -a sunt

17. Pluperfect Passive Tense PPP + imperfect Tense of Sum Pluperfect Passive auditus – a - um eram I had been heard auditus – a - um eras You had been heard auditus –a -um erat He had been heard auditi –ae -a eramus We had been heard You had been heard auditi –ae –a eratis They had been heard auditi – ae -a erant

18. Future Perfect Passive Tense PPP + Future Tense of Sum Future Perfect PassiveTense auditus – a - um ero I will have been loved auditus – a - um eris You will have been heard auditus –a -um erit He will have been heard auditi –ae -a erimus We will have been heard You will have been heard auditi –ae –a eritis They will have been heard auditi – ae -a erunt

19. The ______________ tense does not use the present stem. a. Future b. Past Perfect c. Imperfect d. Present next

20. Munire is the ______________ principal part of the word. a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth next

21. Munivisti can be translated _____________ a. You have fortified b. You were fortified c. You are fortifying d. You will fortify next

22. Munita est can be translated _____________ a. She had been fortified b. She is fortified c. She has been fortified d. She will have been fortified