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France: 1870-1914

France: 1870-1914. By Sean, Tyler and Michelle For Social 20-1IB. Government. In the Third Republic First President of new Republic was Adolphe Thiers (1871-1873), who was generally nonpartisan Thiers Replaced by monarchist Marshal McMahon Government in Versailles due to Paris Commune.

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France: 1870-1914

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  1. France: 1870-1914 By Sean, Tyler and Michelle For Social 20-1IB

  2. Government • In the Third Republic • First President of new Republic was Adolphe Thiers (1871-1873), who was generally nonpartisan • Thiers Replaced by monarchist Marshal McMahon • Government in Versailles due to Paris Commune

  3. Paris Commune • Lasted 73 days (18 March-28 May, 1871) • First socialist/communist (debatable which it was) government in Europe • Had elements of anarchism and Jacobinism in it • Introduced free secular education for both genders, communal workshops and abolished petty workplace fines • Social classes divided on opinion of commune: workers and middle class loved it, everyone else didn’t

  4. Foreign Policy and Treaties • Three goals: Own lots of Africa, get allies (to combat isolation by Germany) and get back Alsace-Lorraine • Signed Entente Cordial with England, but weren’t happy about having to do it (1904) • Triple Entente with England and Russia (1907)

  5. Internal Policies • Persecution of Catholics • Most people never went to church, so everyone was okay with it • No Catholic presidents in years leading up to World War One • Ferry Laws

  6. Ferry Laws • approved churches could not teach in state run schools • unapproved churches could not run schools at all • “ecole sans Dieu” • free primary education for both genders • Parents must contact school if children are absent • Teachers wages protected (i.e., cannot be lowered) • Essentially, modern schools as we know them were established

  7. Dreyfus Affair • Jewish military officer falsely accused of being a spy for Germany, imprisoned based on forged documents • When evidence of forgery came out, the military tried to cover it up • Word spread about the cover-up • Was exonerated after 5 years, went on to serve in WWI

  8. Boulanger Affair • Georges Ernest Boulanger was a general in the army and a reactionary politician • Part of leaders that destroyed Paris Commune • Was a conservative monarchist • He dominated French politics in 1888 • Was a favored candidate for presidency • Was recognized as potential military dictator • Boulangism based on revenge on Germany, restoration of the monarchy and revision of the constitution • Scared the Third Republic, but never won major seats • Charged with treason in 1889, fled from Paris, then killed himself in Jersey

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