INVISILINE ART – A LINE STUDY

1. INVISILINE ART – A LINE STUDY • Lesson: • Students are given a resource handout for various line designs and VALUE -of those lines designs is taught. • Students tape a blank piece of see-through art paper over a basic blackline of each building’s structure. • VARIOUS Line designs are created in all empty space between the lines seen on the blackline copy. The original contour lines of the buildings are invisible.

2. 13 BUILDINGS STUDENTS SHOULD KNOW

3. The Great Pyramid of Giza • The Leaning Tower of Pisa • The TajMahal • The Eiffel Tower • Notre Dame de Paris • The Parthenon • The Tower of London • St. Peter’s Basilica • Neuschwanstein Castle • The Chrysler Building • The Guggenheim Museum New York • The Sydney Opera House • The Beijing National Stadium

4. THE GREAT PYRAMID OF GIZA • It's 756 feet long on each side, 450 high and is composed of 2,300,000 blocks of stone, each averaging 2 1/2 tons in weight. Despite the makers' limited surveying tools no side is more than 8 inches different in length than another, and the whole structure is perfectly oriented to the points of the compass. • Until the 19th century it was the tallest building in the world and, at the age of 4,500 years, it is the only one of the famous "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" that still stands. It is the Great Pyramid of Khufu, at Giza, Egypt.

5. THE GREAT SPHYNX OF GIZA • The Great Sphinx of Giza is a large stone statue, one of the largest single-stone statues in existence. Located right beside the Great Pyramids of Giza, the Great Sphinx is often viewed as "guarding" them. • A sphinx is a mythological creature, a chimera, part animal part human. Ancient Egyptian sphinxes consist of the body of a lion and the head of a person, usually a pharoah. The Great Sphinx has always been mysterious, since it is unclear exactly which pharoah the faceof the sphinx represents. Part of this may be due to damage, particularly in the form of its famous missing nose, making it harder to recognize a likeness. Generally the sphinx is linked to Khafre, for whom the second largest pyramid in the complex was built. However, it is still unclear as to whether Khafre was the builderof the sphinx or whether the statue was created in his honor.

6. THE LEANING TOWER OF PISA • Leaning Tower of Pisa is a bell tower at Pisa, Italy. It is famous for leaning 4.4 meters out of line when measured from the seventh story. It was built to stand vertically but began leaning soon after construction started in August 1173. It tilts because its foundation was built on unstable soil. The ground beneath the tower first started to sink after the first three stories were built. The height of the tower is 55 meters from the ground. The construction of the building began in 1173 and lasted two centuries.

7. THE TAJ MAHAL • TajMahal is regarded as one of the eight wonders of the world, and some Western historians have noted that its architectural beauty has never been surpassed. The Taj is the most beautiful monument built by the Mughals, the Muslim rulers of India. TajMahal is built entirely of white marble. Its stunning architectural beauty is beyond adequate description, particularly at dawn and sunset. The Taj seems to glow in the light of the full moon. On a foggy morning, the visitors experience the Taj as if suspended when viewed from across the Jamuna river.

8. TajMahal was built by a Muslim, Emperor Shah Jahan (died 1666 C.E.) in the memory of his dear wife and queen MumtazMahal at Agra, India. It is an "elegy in marble" or some say an expression of a "dream." TajMahal (meaning Crown Palace) is a Mausoleum that houses the grave of queen MumtazMahal at the lower chamber. The grave of Shah Jahan was added to it later. The queen’s real name was ArjumandBanu. In the tradition of the Mughals, important ladies of the royal family were given another name at their marriage or at some other significant event in their lives, and that new name was commonly used by the public. Shah Jahan's real name was Shahab-ud-din, and he was known as Prince Khurram before ascending to the throne in 1628.

9. THE EIFFEL TOWER • The Eiffel Tower was built for the World Exhibition in 1889, held in celebration of the French Revolution in 1789. • You couldn't possibly visit Paris without seeing the Eiffel Tower. Even if you do not want to visit this world famous structure, you will see its top from all over Paris. The tower rises 300 meters tall (984 ft); when it was completed at the end of the 19th century it was twice as high as the Washington Monument, at the time the tallest structure in the world.

10. THE PARTHENON • At the approximate position where the Parthenon was built later, the Athenians began the construction of a building that was burned by the Persians while it was still under construction in 480 BCE. It was presumably dedicated to Athena, and after its destruction much of its ruins were utilized in the building of the fortifications at the north end of the Acropolis. Not much is known about this temple, and whether or not it was still under construction when it was destroyed has been disputed. Its massive foundations were made of limestone, and the columns were made of Pentelic marble, a material that was utilized for the first time. The classicalParthenon was constructed to be the focus of the Acropolis building complex.

11. NOTRE DAME de PARIS • The Notre Dame de Paris stands on the site of Paris' first Christian church, Saint Etienne basilica, which was itself built on the site of a Roman temple to Jupiter. • Notre-Dame's first version was a "magnificent church" built by Childebert I, the king of the Franks at the time, in 528, and was already the cathedral of the city of Paris in the 10th century. However, in 1160, having become the "parish church of the kings of Europe," Bishop Maurice de Sully deemed the building unworthy of its lofty role, and had it demolished. • Construction on the current cathedral began in 1163, during the reign of Louis VII, and opinion differs as to whether Bishop Maurice de Sully or Pope Alexander III laid the foundation stone of the cathedral.

12. THE TOWER OF LONDON • Founded nearly a millennium ago and expanded upon over the centuries since, the Tower of London has protected, housed, imprisoned and been for many the last sight they saw on Earth. • It has been the seat of British government and the living quarters of monarchs ... the site of renown political intrigue, and the repository of the Crown Jewels ... It has housed lions, bears, and (to this day) flightless ravens ... not to mention notorious traitors and framed members of court, lords and ministers, clergymen and knights.

13. ST. PETER’S BASILICA • St. Peter's Basilica (Italian: San Pietro in Vaticano) is a major basilica in Vatican City, an enclave of Rome. St. Peter's was until recently the largest church ever built and it remains one of the holiest sites in Christendom. Contrary to what one might reasonably assume, St. Peter's is not a cathedral - that honor in Rome goes to St. John Lateran. • St. Peter's Basilica stands on the traditional site where Peter - the apostle who is considered the first pope - was crucified and buried. St. Peter's tomb is under the main altar and many other popes are buried in the basilica as well. Originally founded by Constantine in 324, St. Peter's Basilica was rebuilt in the 16th century by Renaissance masters including Bramante, Michelangelo and Bernini.

14. NEUSCHWANSTEIN CASTLE • King Ludwig II said. "I intend to rebuild the old castle ruins of Hohenschwangau by the Pollat Gorge in the genuine style of the old German Knightly fortresses........the spot is one of the most beautiful that one could ever find. ” • Neuschwanstein Castle, royal palace in the Bavarian Alps of Germany, the most famous of three royal palaces built for Louis II of Bavaria, sometimes referred to as Mad King Ludwig, who grew up nearby at Hohenschwangau Castle. • Begun in 1869 and left unfinished at Louis's death in 1886, the castle is the embodiment of 19th century romanticism. In a fantastical imitation of a medieval castle, Neuschwanstein is set with towers and spires and is spectacularly sited on a high point over the Pallat River gorge.

15. THE BEIJING NATIONAL STADIUM • The National Stadium, affectionately known as Bird's Nest, is situated in Olympic Green Village, Chaoyang District, Beijing. It was designed as the main stadium of 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. The Olympic events of track and field, football, gavelock, weight throw and discus were held there. Since October, 2008, after the Olympics ended, the National Stadium has been opened as a tourist attraction. Now, it's the center of international or domestic sports competition and recreation activities. • The design of this large stadium was accomplished together by Swiss architects Jacques Herzog and Pierre de Meuron and Chinese architect Li Xinggang and the others.

16. THE SYDNEY OPERA HOUSE • Sydney Opera House (1957 - 1973) is a masterpiece of late modern architecture. It is admired internationally and proudly treasured by the people of Australia. It was created by a young architect who understood and recognised the potential provided by the site against the stunning backdrop of Sydney Harbour. Denmark’s JørnUtzon gave Australia a challenging, graceful piece of urban sculpture in patterned tiles, glistening in the sunlight and invitingly aglow at night. JornUtzon died in Copenhagen in November 2008 aged 90. • In its short lifetime, Sydney Opera House has earned a reputation as a world-class performing arts centre and become a symbol of both Sydney and the Australian nation.

17. THE GUGGENHEIM MUSEUM, NEW YORK

18. An internationally renowned art museum and one of the most significant architectural icons of the 20th century, the Guggenheim Museum is at once a vital cultural center, an educational institution, and the heart of an international network of museums. • Visitors can experience special exhibitions of modern and contemporary art, lectures by artists and critics, performances and film screenings, classes for teens and adults, and daily tours of the galleries led by experienced docents. Founded on a collection of early modern masterpieces, the Guggenheim Museum today is an ever-growing institution devoted to the art of the 20th century and beyond.

19. THE CHRYSLER BUILDINGA RACE FOR THE TALLEST BUILDING • For Walter P. Chrysler, from the car manufacturer, building the tallest building in the world was a status symbol. • The Chrysler building was in a race with the Bank of Manhattan (now 40 Wall Street) for obtaining the title of tallest building in the world. It looked like the Bank of Manhattan would win the race, with an expected height of 282 meter (927ft) against around 230 meter for the Chrysler building. But the spire of the Chrysler building was constructed in secret inside the tower.