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Multiple Sclerosis

This resource provides a comprehensive overview of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune disease that is two times more common in females and prevalent in Norway, with 7000-8000 diagnosed patients. MS primarily affects the central nervous system, leading to symptoms such as numbness, visual disturbances, and reduced motor function. The etiology is linked to genetic and environmental factors, alongside Vitamin D deficiency. Although there is no cure, treatments like beta-interferons and immunosuppressive medicines can help manage symptoms and reduce relapse rates.

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Multiple Sclerosis

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  1. Multiple Sclerosis • By Birger Flønæs & Christoffer Brovold

  2. Introduction • Twice as common among females • 7000-8000 diagnosed patients in Norway • 250-350 new patients every year • Makes Norway one of the countries in the world with highest relative number of MS patients.

  3. Epidemiology

  4. Overview

  5. Pathophysiology • Auto-immune disease • BBB breakdown • Mainly CNS is affected • Destroys oligodendrocytes

  6. Classification

  7. Symptoms • Numbness • Visual disturbances • Reduced motor function • Paralysis of extremities • Reduced fine motor skills • Chronic fatigue

  8. Consequences for the patient • Spasms • Pain - strain, nervous, sciatica • Paralysis • Depressions • Cognitive impairment • Loss of sensitivity, tingling, muscle weakness, difficulties in moving and coordination, problems in speech/swallowing, visual problems etc.

  9. Etiology • Combination of genetic, environmental • Not considered hereditary, but genetic variations increase risk • Decreased sunlight exposure --> vitamin D deficiency • Stress • Smoking

  10. Treatment • No curative treatment • beta-interferons - 18-38% reduction in rate of MS relapses • Synthetic myelin basic protein - 1/3 reduction • Immuno-suppressive medicines - progressive MS • Cannabis • Botox

  11. Sources • Wikipedia • www.ms.no

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