1. Visual Programming by Muhammad Bilal Zafar (AP)

2. COURSE INTRODUCTION

3. Visual Programming • Programming in which more than one dimensions is used to convey semantics. • Diagrams, icons or demonstration of actions performed by graphical objects. • It is a methodology in which development allows programmers to grab and use of ingredients like menus, buttons, controls and other graphic elements from a tool box.

4. Course Description • Introduces key skills of problem solving and visual computer programming, including the elementary programming concepts. • Covers the fundamentals & details of following • Visual language • Iconic and symbolic representations • Debugging techniques • Semantics and pragmatics of desktop applications • Web programming

5. Course Description.. • Flow of course would be like this • Fundamentals of OOP. • Console based applications using Visual C++. • CLR based programming using Visual C++. • Desktop based applications using MFC and CLR. and in the last part we will see • Visual ASP.NET for web based applications.

6. Course Objectives • On completion of this course students will have the ability to comprehend • Concepts of OOP • .NET Framework • Visual C++ • ASP.net & C#

7. Course Objectives.. • Comprehend a programming problem and design a solution. • Code a solution to a problem for both desktop and web based applications using visual tools.

8. Recommended Books • IVOR HORTON’S BEGINNING VISUAL C++ 2010, by Ivor Horton • ASP.NET 4 24-HOUR TRAINER  by Toe.B Right

9. Reference Books / Readings • OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING IN C++, 4th Edition by Robert Lefore • BEGINNING ASP.NET 4: IN C# AND VB  by ImarSpaanjaars • For Online Library help • http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.aspx

10. Course Prerequisites • The student is expected to somehow familiar with the programming languages and operating systems concepts.

11. Assessment & Grading • Marks scheme: • Quizzes + assignments = 30% • Mid Term Exam = 20% • Final = 50%

12. LESSON 01

13. Programming Languages • Programming language is an artificial language designed to communicate instructions to a machine, particularly a computer. • It can be used to create instruction sets (programs) that can control the behavior of a machine.

14. Programming Languages.. • Mainly PL has comprised of two components • Syntax • Semantic

15. Syntax • Set of rules that defines the combinations of symbols that are considered to be correctly structured in that language. • Computer language syntax is generally distinguished into three levels: • Words • Phrases • Context

16. Semantics • Semantics is the field concerned with the rigorous mathematical study of the meaning of programming languages. • It does so by evaluating the meaning of syntactically legal strings defined by a specific programming language. • Semantics describes the processes a computer follows when executing a program in programming language. 

17. Programming Languages • Generally we can divide the programming languages into two main categories. • High Level Languages • Low Level Languages

18. Types of Languages.. • High Level Languages • A language that supports system development at a high level of Abstraction thereby freeing the developer from keeping lots of details that are irrelevant to the problem at hand. • Close to human language • Easy to write • Pascal, Fotran, C++, Java, Visual basic, PHP, PERL … etc… • i.eprintf (“Hello World”);

19. Types of Languages.. • Low Level Languages • Low-level languages are designed to operate and handle the entire hardware and instructions set architecture of a computer directly.  • A programming language that provides little or no abstraction from a computer's instruction set architecture. • Generally this refers to either  Assembly language or Machine language.

20. Types of Languages... • Assembly Language • An assembly language is a low-level programming language, in which there is a very strong correspondence between the language and the architecture’s machine code instructions. • Each assembly language is specific to a particular computer architecture • Use Symbolic operation code MOVE  3000,4000// Copy contents of location 3000 to location 4000

21. Types of Languages... • Machine Language • Fundamental language of the computer processor • All programs are converted into machine language before they executed • Consists of combination of 1’s and 0’s that represent high and low electrical voltage

22. Programming Types • Programming can be done in different ways but in high level languages there are two major approaches. • Structured Programming • Object Oriented Programming

23. Structured Programming • Structured programming is a subset of procedural programming that enforces a logical structure on the program being written to make it more efficient and easier to understand and modify.  • It is a technique that follows a top down design approach with block oriented structures. • Also known as Modular Programming.

24. Object Oriented Programming • Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a programming language model organized around • Objects rather than actions & • Data rather than logic language syntax • Objects are usually instances of classes & are used to interact with one another to design applications and computer programs.

25. Object Oriented Programming.. • OOP organizes program around a real-world entity called an object (Instance). • Classes • A class is a construct that is used to define a distinct type • Attributes • Methods

26. OOP.. • Main characteristics of OOP • Encapsulation • A language mechanism for restricting access to some of the object's components • A language construct that facilitates the bundling of data with the methods (or other functions) operating on that data.

27. OOP.. • Inheritance • Inheritance is a way to establish a relationship between objects of the classes. • Polymorphism • It is the ability to create a variable, a function, or an object that has more than one form.

28. C++ • Developed by BjarneStroustrup starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. • C++ was originally named C with Classes. • The language was renamed C++ in 1983. • It is an intermediate-level language, as it comprises both high-level and low-level features. • C++ is an Object Oriented Programming Language. • However, It is possible to write object oriented or procedural code in the same program in C++.

29. C++.. • C++ application domain includes following areas • Systems Software • Applications Software • Device Drivers • Embedded Software • High-performance server and client applications • Video Games

30. C++ Syntax • C++ Programs built from pieces called classes and functions • C++ standard library provides rich collections of existing classes and functions for all programmers to use. • Basic Syntax • Lets see an example program

31. C++ Program #include <iostream.h> using namespace std; // Comments goes here…. intmain() { cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World return 0; }

32. Program Description #include <iostream.h> • The C++ language defines several headers, which contain information that is either necessary or useful to your program. using namespace std; • It tells the compiler to use the std namespace. • Namespaces allow to group entities like classes, objects and functions under a name.

33. Program Description.. // Comments goes here…. • It is a single-line comment available in C++. Single-line comments begin with // and stop at the end of the line int main() • This is the line where program execution begins.  • Main function with a return type integer.

34. Program Description... cout << "Hello World"; // prints Hello World • It causes the message “Hello World" to be displayed on the screen. • And its second part after // is a comment. return 0; • This line terminates main( )function and causes it to return the value 0 to the calling process.

35. C++ Keywords • Some keywords are: • if • else • for • switch • int • float • char • main • class • auto • bool • break • case • default • return Case sensitive Language

36. Execution Phases

37. Where to Write the Code ????

38. Code Editors • Code can be written in any word processor that can create text files. • Can also be written on command line. • Some code editors are • Notepad • Edit pad lite • Text wrangler (For Mac machines only) • Jedit • Vim • Dream Weaver • Net Beans • IDE ????

39. Thank You