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Understanding the Eye: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Responses

In this lesson, we explore the eye's anatomy and the functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Students will learn how these systems affect the iris and ciliary muscles, influencing pupil dilation and vision. We will discuss the five senses and the importance of vision, highlighting the complexity of visual receptors and the eye's protective mechanisms. This comprehensive overview fosters students' understanding of eye health, vision correction, and potential issues like glaucoma.

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Understanding the Eye: Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Responses

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  1. Substitute Teacher • Dr. Whittaker • Chemist PhD, scientist with IBM and Pfizer • Subbed for a year in Wake County Schools • I do not have SPAN or Blackboard Access • I will have Ms. Ewing post these PowerPoint presentations

  2. Warm Up • Keep in your notebook on separate pages. • Turn in on the day of the next test. • What are the effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve response on the iris and ciliary muscles?

  3. Warm Up Discussion • What is sympathetic and parasympathetic responses? • Sympathetic: Response to tense situation. • Parasympathetic: Happens when not threatened. • What are the two systems & how do they respond • Iris: Sympathetic; Dilates pupils • Parasympathetic; Constricts pupils • Ciliary muscles: Symp. Inhibits to improve distance sight • Para. Stimulates for close vision

  4. What are the 5 senses? • Two types of sense receptors. • Why is vision key • Most studied • Most receptors and most complex system • 25% will suffer major low vision as they age • 75% adults have corrected vision (Vision Council of America) Special Senses The Eye and Vision

  5. Anatomy of the Eye Page 241 … Figure 8.1

  6. How does the eye work? • What does the Iris do? • What does the Cornea do? • What does the Lens do? • What does the Retina do?

  7. Eye Protection • Jot down as many functions that protect the eye that you can think of: (I have 6) • Bone of the orbit • Fatty tissue • Eye lashes • Eye lids • Meet at the medial and lateral canthus • Eye brows • Moisture/Lubrication/Antibiotics & Lysozymes • Tears • Lacrimal apparatus • Glandular • Lubrication from meibomian and ciliary glands • Conjunctiva

  8. Tear Drainage System

  9. Extrinsic Eye Muscles

  10. The Eyeball • Three Tunics or Layers • Sclera • Choroid • Retina • Scary (Sclera)Cadavers (Choroid)Run! (Retina)

  11. Retina One photon of light Cascade chemical Electrical Impulse Sent to brain via optic nerve Rods 75 – 150 x 106 Low Light .. B/White Cones 7 x 106 Daytime .. Color Key Regions Blind Spot Macula (temporal to blind spot) Fovea most sensitive

  12. Photoreceptors • Man has 3 types of cones • Most mammals have 2 (no red) • Some animals have 4 (+ UV)

  13. discussion What is the problem with the mammals backwards visual receptor?What is an advantage of the backwards design?

  14. Humor Me • Aqueous Humor – before the lens • Vitreous Humor – Inside the eyeball.

  15. If the pressure is too high. Glaucoma Leads to blindness

  16. Problems with the Eye Tomorrow

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