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The Manila Galleon Trade: Spain's Economic Strategies and Impacts (1565-1815)

The Manila Galleon Trade (1565-1815) was a pivotal economic exchange for Spain, serving as a crucial link between Asia and the Americas. This trade route allowed Spain to generate wealth through taxation, albeit with limited funds allocated to education and social improvement. The economic stagnation persisted for 250 years before transforming in the 1800s. The changing landscape, influenced by global connections and colonial dynamics, saw the rise in land value and the interplay of various social classes, including mestizos and Chinese immigrants. The repercussions of these economic strategies unfold over centuries, ultimately shaping social structures in both Spain and its colonies.

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The Manila Galleon Trade: Spain's Economic Strategies and Impacts (1565-1815)

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  1. How Did Spain Make Money?

  2. Manila Galleon Trade 1565 - 1815

  3. How Did Spain Make Money? • Taxation (taxes was for the colonial government) • Only 5% of taxes was used for education, or social improvement

  4. 250 Years of Economic Stagnation

  5. Changes Come in the 1800s • Plug in to the Global Economy

  6. British-Chinese Colony flying a Spanish Flag

  7. Economic Changes = Social Changes • Land becomes more valuable because of the new economy

  8. Friar Estates • Religious Orders are long standing • Donations • Creditors

  9. Marriage Made in Heaven • Principio Families (opportunity but lacking know how) • Chinese (Have the know how but no opportunity) • Mestizos (owned land, managed Friar estates)

  10. Qing Dynasty 1644-1912 “The Manchus were more successful as inheritors than as innovators; it was not in them to remake the Chinese scheme of things.”

  11. The Chinese men are required to wear the queue.

  12. Qing Dynasty 1644-1912 The Strength of Qing was in the reign of three emperors that spanned almost 150 years (from 1662-1796).

  13. Qianlong Era (1736 – 1799)

  14. 1700 – 138 Million 1800 – 300 Million

  15. YEAR POPULATION LAND • 1741 143 million 91 Acres 2/3 • 1850 430 million 122 Acres 1/4 • 200% change 35% change

  16. 60% of the land is owned by a relatively few rich landlords • 10% of the land belongs to the government • 30% or the land for more than 400 million people

  17. Hong Xiuquan (1814-1864)

  18. January 1850 Taiping “Great Peace” • Ten Commandments • No private property • Women equal to men • Social System

  19. The Guinness Book of World Records calls this the "bloodiest civil war" with some 20 million estimated dead.

  20. Chinese Run Mines • 1900 - 90% • 1920 – 64% • 1930 – 39%

  21. 19th Century - 5 million Chinese immigrate to Malaya • 1900-1942 - 12 million Chinese immigrate to Malaya

  22. 1603 Chinese Massacre (Manila) 20,000 killed

  23. Manila Galleon Trade 1565 - 1815

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