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GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze

GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in Global Carbon Cycle Modelling Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway Phone: +47 55 58 98 44 Fax: +47 55 58 98 83

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GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) Christoph Heinze

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  1. GEOF236 CHEMICAL OCEANOGRAPHY (HØST 2012) ChristophHeinze University of Bergen, Geophysical Institute and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Prof. in Global Carbon Cycle Modelling Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway Phone: +47 55 58 98 44 Fax: +47 55 58 98 83 Mobile phone: +47 975 57 119 Email: christoph.heinze@gfi.uib.no DEAR STUDENT AND COLLEAGUE: ”This presentation is for teaching/learning purposes only. Do not useany material ofthispresentation for any purpose outsidecourse GEOF236, ”Chemical Oceanography”, autumn 2012, Universityof Bergen. Thankyou for yourattention.”

  2. Sarmiento&Gruber 2006 Chapter 3: Air-sea interface, part 2

  3. February August Sea-air CO2 flux Surface CO2 air-sea flux climatology, Takahashi et al., 2009

  4. Central issue in this chapter: What controls the air-sea flux / sea-air flux of different gases? How can this flux be quantified (or predicted)? Conceptual model Flux Φ of gas across water air interface: Φ = transfer velocity ∙ concentration gradient What is the transfer velocity and on what does it depend? How to determine the concentration gradient?

  5. Solubility – ideal/non-ideal gases: Black board Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  6. Solubilities of gases and sea water temperature: Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  7. Solubility of gases and the sea water temperature CO2 Broecker, W.S., and T.-H. Peng, 1982, Tracers in the Sea, ELDIGIO Press, Palisades NY, 690 pp.

  8. Solubilities of gases and salinity: Solubility coefficients for CO2 Weiss, Mar.Chem., 1974

  9. Ideal gases pressure volume Ideal up to about 1%, for p less or equal 1 atm and T over 0 deg C Source: Inorganic chemistry textbook by Christen, 1982

  10. Zeebe & Wolf-Gladrow 2001

  11. The stagnant film model of air-sea gas exchange: Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  12. The stagnant film model of air-sea gas exchange: Index s for surface, index b for bulk Flux: jc = k (Cs-Cb) =D/z (Cs-Cb) D= Sc/ν Sc=ν/D Schmidt number D: diffusion coefficient for concentration ν: diffusion coefficient for momentum (kinematic viscosity) For Ostwaldt solubility α=3 Jähne and Hauβecker, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1998

  13. Stagnant film model: Black board Sarmiento & Gruber (2006)

  14. Overview gases and resistances in water and air phases: Jähne and Hauβecker, Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1998

  15. Overview - stagnant film model, film replacement model, boundary layer model: Stagnant film model: 1/k ~ Sc1 Micrometeorological boundary layer model (turbulence theory, Deacon, 1977): 1/k ~ Sc2/3 Film replacement model: 1/k ~ Sc1/2

  16. Gas transfer velocity versus wind speed (for a gas with Sc≈600). Liss, P., and L. Merlivat, 1986, Air-Sea gas exchange rates: Introduction and synthesis, in: The role of air-sea exchange in geochemical cycling, P. Buat-Ménard, editor, Dordrecht, Holland, 113-127.

  17. Source: Sarmiento&Gruber 2006

  18. Source: Sarmiento&Gruber 2006

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