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Body Systems

Body Systems. Tissue Types Integumentary System Homeostatic Mechanisms. Four Major Tissue Types. Connective: binds and supports body parts Muscular: allows movement Nervous: receives stimuli and conducts impulses

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Body Systems

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  1. Body Systems Tissue TypesIntegumentary SystemHomeostatic Mechanisms

  2. Four Major Tissue Types • Connective: binds and supports body parts • Muscular: allows movement • Nervous: receives stimuli and conducts impulses • Epithelial: covers body surfaces, lines body cavities

  3. Specialized cells Protein Fibers elastin collagen Three Components of Connective Tissue Ground Substance: Non-cellular material separating cells

  4. Loose Fibrous Connective Tissue • Contains fibroblast cells • Matrix: ground substance + fibers • Protective covering for muscles, blood vessels, nerves

  5. Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue • Collagen fibers packed together • Forms • Tendons: connect muscles to bone • Ligaments: connect bone to bone

  6. Fibrous Connective Tissue: Adipose Tissue nucleus • Cells store fat • Found under skin, around kidneys, heart

  7. Supportive Connective Tissue: Cartilage • Solid, flexible matrix • Cells located in chambers – lacunae Elastic cartilage--elastin fibers--more flexible--outer ear Fibrocartilage--strong collagen fibers--between vertebrae and in knee joint Hyaline cartilage --most common --contains fine collagen fibers --nose, ends of long bones and ribs, walls of respiratory passages

  8. Compact bone Spongy bone Supportive Connective Tissue: Bone • Solid, rigid matrix of calcium salts around collagen fibers • In compact bone, cells are located in spaces between rings of matrix

  9. transport oxygen fight infection Fluid Connective Tissue: Blood • Liquid matrix = plasma • dissolved substances, eg. gases, ions • suspended substances, eg. proteins • Formed elements: cells and cell fragments • Red blood cells • White blood cells • Platelets • Cell fragments that aid in blood clotting

  10. Fluid Connective Tissue: Lymph • Liquid matrix = lymphatic fluid • Contains white blood cells

  11. Which type of tissue has a liquid matrix? Which type of tissue stores fat? Which type of tissue has a solid matrix of calcium salts? Adipose Tissue Blood Bone Dense Fibrous Connective Tissue Applying Your Knowledge

  12. cell striation nucleus Smooth MuscleInvoluntary nucleus nucleus Skeletal MuscleVoluntary Cardiac MuscleInvoluntary Muscular Tissue • Cells are called muscle fibers • Cells contain protein filaments called actin and myosin

  13. Receives signals from other neurons Maintains cell metabolism Conducts signals to next neuron Insulates neuron Nervous Tissue • Neurons- conduct nerve impulses • Neuroglia- support and nourish neurons

  14. Squamous:flattened cells Cuboidal:cube-shaped cells Columnar:elongated cells Classification of Epithelial Tissue Pseudostratified Columnar Simple = one layerPseudostratified = appears as multiple layersStratified = multiple layers

  15. Other Terms Related to Epithelial Tissue • Basement Membrane- joins epithelium to underlying connective tissue • Gland- epithelial tissue that secretes a product • mucus • hormones

  16. Gap Junction: adjacent channels allow communication Tight Junction: joining of proteins creates impermeable barrier Adhesion Junction: filaments of cytoskeleton connect cells, allow stretch Connections Between Epithelial Cells

  17. Which type of tissue includes cells in a solid matrix, as for cartilage? Which type of tissue covers body surfaces? Which type of tissue receives and transmits signals? Which tissue has cells with actin and myosin filaments? Nervous Tissue Epithelial Tissue Muscular Tissue Connective Tissue Applying Your Knowledge

  18. Integumentary System: Skin and Accessory Organs • Regions of the Skin • Epidermis • stratified squamous epithelium • cells become hardened due to keratin • continually replaced from basal layer • melanocytes give pigmentation

  19. Integumentary System: Skin and Accessory Organs • Regions of the Skin • Dermis • dense fibrous connective tissue • contains collagen and elastic fibers • contains sensory receptors for touch, pressure, pain and temperature • has blood vessels to nourish skin

  20. Integumentary System: Skin and Accessory Organs • Accessory Organs • Nails • Hair follicles • Oil glands • Sweat glands

  21. Integumentary System: Skin and Accessory Organs • Functions • Protects organs from physical trauma • Protects body from infections • Limits water loss • Regulates temperature

  22. Cranial cavity Vertebral cavity Thoracic cavity Abdominal cavity Pelvic cavity Body Cavities

  23. Homeostatic Mechanisms

  24. Control center Temperature Regulation sends data to control center directs response to stimulus 98.6°F set point Sensor Effect Blood vessels dilate; sweat glands secrete. negative feedback and return to normal temperature stimulus above normal Normal body temperature below normal negative feedback and return to normal stimulus Effect Sensor Blood vessels constrict; sweat glands are inactive; shivering may occur. Control center directs response to stimulus sends data to control center 98.6°F set point

  25. Body Systems Contributing to Temperature Regulation

  26. Which is the outermost skin layer? (1 or 2) Which skin layer contains blood vessels? (1 or 2) Which mechanism controls blood glucose levels? (3 or 4) Which mechanism causes a fever to increase to higher temperatures? (3 or 4) Dermis Epidermis Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Applying Your Knowledge

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