1. Midbrain (mesencephalon)

3. Cerebellum Subconscious skeletal muscle mvmt

4. Equilibrium and balance

6. Functions • Evaluate how cerebrum initiated movements are being executed • Coordinates skeletal muscle contractions • Posture & balance • Cognition and language processing • See table 14.2

7. Surrounds third ventricle Diencephalon

8. Internal medullary lamina = • Y-shaped (white matter) • Divides lobes of gray matter Thalamus

9. Hypothalamus Composed of a dozen nuclei REGULATES: • ANS activities • Production and release of hormones (oxytocin & ADH) • Emotional and behavioral patterns (with limbic system) • Feeding center, satiety center, thirst center • Body temperature • Circadian rhythms

10. Epithalamus

11. Cerebrum • Read, write, memory, imagine, emotions, math, music etc. • Gray matter / white matter

12. Longitudinal fissure • Corpus callosum • 5 lobes CerebrumThe Seat of Intelligence

13. Brain Lobes • Folded deep within lateral sulcus • Believed to play a role in emotion, consciousness and regulating homeostasis

14. Corpus Callosum • Callosal commissure • Tough body • Broad band of nerve fibers • Hemispheric communication • Largest white matter area

15. Cerebrum Functional AreasSensory, Motor, Association

16. Cerebral Cortex

17. Brain Folds of Cerebral Cortex • Gyri – convolutions • Sulci – shallow grooves • Fissures – deeper grooves • Longitudinal fissure (most prominent)  separates the cerebral hemispheres. • Falx cerebri  in the longitudinal fissure

18. Cerebral White Matter • Connections between parts of brain and to rest of NS • Myelinated axons – 3 directions

19. Cerebral White Matter • 3 types of fibers: • Association – gyri in same hemisphere • Commissural (3 groups) – corresponding gyri between hemispheres • Projection

20. Cerebral White Matter • Commissural Fibers • Corpus Callosum – largest • Anterior Commissure • Posterior Commissure

21. Projection fibers: • Internal Capsule thick band of white matter containing ascending and descending tracts • Runs through basal nuclei

22. Basal Gangliaor Basal Nuclei • NOTE  no longer called ganglia b/c that is a group of cell bodies in the PNS. • 3 large nuclei deep within white matter • Globus pallidus • Putamen • Caudate nucleus

23. Basal Nuclei (Ganglia) • Globus pallidus + putamen = lentiform nucleus • Lentiform nucleus + caudate nucleus = corpus striatum

24. FUNCTIONS: • Initiate and terminate body movements • Suppress unwanted movements • Regulate muscle tone • Sensory, limbic, cognitive and linguistic functions

25. Limbic System • Emotional Life, Memory, Motivation, Epinephrine (adrenaline) flow • CURRENT structures include: • Hippocampus – spatial memory and learning • Amygdala – Cognitive, emotional and social processes • Mammillary bodies of hypothalamus – limbic circuits • Olfactory bulbs • Fornix • Stria terminalis • Stria medullaris • Medial forebrain bundle • Mammillothalamis tract Linked by bundles of interconnected myelinated axons

26. Limbic System