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Historical Context

Historical Context. Concepts “ Scala natura ” “Lower vs. higher” or “Derived vs. primitive” “Ex nihlio ” “Archetypes”. People Greeks (Anaximander) Darwin/Wallace Linnaeus De Lamarck Malthus Cuvier. Morphology. Homology. Analogy. Homoplasy. Ancestry Appearance Function.

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Historical Context

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  1. Historical Context • Concepts • “Scalanatura” • “Lower vs. higher”or • “Derived vs. primitive” • “Ex nihlio” • “Archetypes” People • Greeks (Anaximander) • Darwin/Wallace • Linnaeus • De Lamarck • Malthus • Cuvier

  2. Morphology Homology Analogy Homoplasy • Ancestry • Appearance • Function

  3. The Vertebrate Body Plan How are vertebrates arranged spatially that differs from urochordates (adult tunicates), sea stars and sponges? http://home.vicnet.net.au/~ricketts/photos.htm http://imagesource.art.com/images/-/Michael-Aw/Royal-Blue-Tunicate-Rhopalaea-Sp-West-Nusa-Tenggara-Indonesia--C10255325.jpeg http://www.westworld.com/~fabio/gallery/bonaire-purple-tube-sponge.htm

  4. The Vertebrate Body Plan Symmetry: * * * http://www.yachigusaryu.com/blog/pics/top_ten_principles/10/image003.jpg

  5. The Vertebrate Body Plan What are the 4 characteristics? Vertebrate phylogeny: *Vertebrates are a subtaxa of the phylum _________ *The “Big 4” are characteristics shared by this phylum. *Not all chordates are created equal… http://instruct1.cit.cornell.edu/courses/biog105/labs/deuts/chordates.html

  6. The Vertebrate Body Plan Vertebrate phylogeny: *Craniate Characteristics *Vertebrate Characteristics

  7. The Vertebrate Body Plan Regional differentiation: * (What specialized structures occur here?) * Coelom; lining is… Viscera; lining is… Thorax and abdomen (in some taxa) * (_________) (What structures likely absent? What’s present? )

  8. The Vertebrate Body Plan ________________ *During some stage of development (_____________) Usually replaced by segmented vertebral column http://biodidac.bio.uottawa.ca/thumbnails/filedet.htm?File_name=19-21&File_type=GIF

  9. The Vertebrate Body Plan _______________________ * (Which vertebrates rely on gills, which use lungs?)*Some animals (Protochordates) use gill and slits for … Nature Genetics27, 286 - 291 (2001) doi:10.1038/85845 DiGeorge syndrome phenotype in mice mutant for the T-box gene, Tbx1 Loydie A. Jerome & Virginia E. Papaioannou

  10. The Vertebrate Body Plan _________________________ * * http://www.nesc.k12.in.us/union/Mr.%20Sly/Earthworm%20Dissection/earthworm%20images.htm

  11. The Vertebrate Body Plan Other Craniate characteristics * From these a number of specialized structures are derived:

  12. The Vertebrate Body Plan Other Craniate characteristics * * * Oviparity Ovoviviparity Euvivparity * Closed Differing cardiac anatomy Lymphatics http://pzavislak.googlepages.com/PlanarianBright.jpg

  13. The Vertebrate Body Plan Other Craniate characteristics * More common with invertebrates… vertebrates display this feature primarily in skeletal, muscular and nervous systems * Axial/Cranial Appendicular from 2 girdles * Skeletal Cardiac Smooth (Which of these synapse with motor neurons?)

  14. Evolutionary morphology • Preadaptation • Remodeling • Bean stalks and Bushes (Fig. 1.21) • Grades and clades • Abundance phylogeny (Fig. 1.25) • Cladistics

  15. Paleontology • Formation of fossils • Recovery & restoration • Fossil dating • Stratigraphy • Index fossils • Radiometric • Geological ages

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