1 / 78

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

HISTORICAL CONTEXT. 1865 13 AMENDMENT LINCON After the civil war in 1865 was ratified the13Amendment which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. ( Lincon had been declared free many slaves in 1863 trough the Emancipation

norm
Télécharger la présentation

HISTORICAL CONTEXT

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. HISTORICAL CONTEXT

  2. 1865 13 AMENDMENT LINCON After the civil war in 1865 was ratified the13Amendment which abolished slavery and involuntary servitude. ( Lincon had been declared free many slaves in 1863 trough the Emancipation • Proclamation). After the Reconstruction Period (1865.1877) a new wave of racism came and white • dominated legislature enacted the JIM CROWS LAWSpromotingthe idea that" separate but equal" meaning • that all races were equal, butshould be in separate locations and use separate facilities. So, even if the • amendment formally abolished slavery white supremacist continued tosubject some black Americans. The • mixing of races was illegal in most places such as public schools, public transportation and eating establishments. Though the intent was to provide separate but equal facilities for all races these laws increased discrimination. African-American black schools were given worse quality teachers, supplies and buildings than their counterparts.

  3. KLU KLUX KLAN • From 1865 to 1877, the United States underwent a turbulent Reconstruction Era trying to • establish free labor and civil rights of freedmen in the South after the end of slavery. Many whites • resisted the social changes, leading to insurgent movements such as the Ku Klux Klan, whose • members attacked black and white Republicans to maintain white supremacy • The KKK, simply the Klan, is the name of three distinguished movements whose primary goal was • the restablishment of white supremacy. All the movements have called for the "purification" of • American society and are all considered right-wing extremist organisations. • The first Klan was founded in 1860, the second in 1915 and the third in 1950. • They have focused an opposition to the Civil Rights Movement, often using violence and murder to • suppress activists. During this period they often forged alliances with Southern police departments • or with governor's office.

  4. THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT 1954-1968 • It was a social movement whose goals were to end racial segregation and discrimination. The • movement was characterized by major campaign of civil resistance. Between 1955 and 1968 acts of • nonviolent protest and civil disobedience produced crisis situations and productive dialogues. This • phase of Civil Right Movement led to several pieces of federal legislation: The Civil Right of 1964, • The Voting Rights Act of 1965 and many others. • Many popular representation of the movement are centred on the leadership and phylosophy of • Martin Luther King who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

  5. DESEGRAGATION LOW-RENT PUBLIC HOUSING JOB-TRAINING PUBLIC AND PRIVATE JOBS END TO POLICE BRUTALITY

  6. 1955-56 ROSA PARKRS AND THE MONTGOMERY BUS BOYCOTT On December 1, 1955 local black leader ROSA PARKS , secretary of NAACP -National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (1909) - refused to give up her seat on a public  bus for a white passenger. She was arrested and received national publicity hailed as the mother of the civil rights movement. African- Americans organized the Montgomery Bus Boycott to demand a bus system in which passengers would be treated equally. The city rejected many of the NAACP suggested reforms so no black person used a bus in Montgomery for 382 days which reduced bus revenue significantly, as they were the majority of the riders. • In November 1956 the Supreme Courtdecided to stop segregation on public transport and the boycott ended. Local leaders established Montgomery Improvement Association to focus • their efforts and Martin Luther King was elected President of this organization.

  7. THE NONVIOLENCE METHOD (sit-ins, kneel-ins, march) • It was largely inspired by Mathma Gandhi. • The method of nonviolence is considered to be an attempt to impact society positively In order to • prepare for protests physically and psychologically, demonstrators received training in nonviolence. • There are two main branches of nonviolence training. There is the philosophical method, which • involves understanding the method of nonviolence and why it is considered useful, and there is the • tactical method, which ultimately teaches demonstrators "how to be a protestor—how to sit-in, • how to picket, how to defend yourself against attack, giving training on how to remain cool when • people are screaming racist insults into your face and pouring stuff on you and hitting you." • For many the concept of nonviolent protest was a way of life, a culture but not everybody agreed • with this notion, especially the Black Panther Movement.

  8. WHERE DID IT HAPPEN?

  9. 1963 BIRMINGHAM CAMPAIGN • Birmingham - Chicago - Philadelphia - Harlem - Lexington • Birmingham was only one of hundred cities rocked by chaotic protest. In their • deliberations during this wave of protests Bob Kennedy had a meeting with black intellectuals to • discuss the racial situations. • The Blacks criticized Kennedy harshly for vacillating on civil rights. The meeting ended • with ill will on all sides. On June 11 1963 George Wallace, Governor of Alabama, tried to block the • integration of University of Alabama. That evening Kennedy addressed the nation on TV and radio • with the famous Civil Right Speech and on June 19, 1963 he submitted his Civil Right Bill to • Congress, that was strongly opposed by its members. • On July 2, 1964 (after Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963 - Dallas-) Johnson signed the • Civil Rights Act of 19640 that banned discrimination.

  10. "We are confronted primarily with a moral issue. It is as old as the scriptures and is as clear as the American Constitution. The heart of the question is whether all Americans are to be afforded equal rights and equal opportunities, whether we are going to treat our fellow Americans as we want to be treated. If an American, because his skin is dark...cannot enjoy the full and free life which all of us want, then who among us would be content to have the color of his skin changed and stand in his place? Who among us would then be content with the counsels of patience and delay?" Extract from the speech

  11. 1963 MARCH ON WASHINGTON • 28 AUGUST 1963 • The march was organized by A.Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin in collaboration with the major • civil rights organization. • The purpose of the march was to stand up for civil and economic rights of African Americans and • had 6 goals: • - meaningful civil rights laws • - a massive federal works program • - full and fair employment • - decent housing • - the right to vote • - adeguate integratededucation

  12. Themarch was a success up to 200.000 or 300.000 demonstrators gathered in front of the Lincon Memorial where King delivered his famous I HAVE A DREAM speech. After the march King and the other leaders met President Kennedy at the White House. "I still have a dream, a dream deeply rooted in the American dream. One day this Nation will rise up and live up its creed. We hold these truths to be self evident that all men are created equal...I have a dream..."

More Related