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Selenization process Metal sputter -> annealing in selenium atmosphere. Two points of view… 1) Physical 2) Chemical And from… Mo Se. Thin Solid Films Volume 260, Issue 1 , 1 May 1995, Pages 26-31 .
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Selenization process Metal sputter -> annealing in selenium atmosphere
Two points of view… 1) Physical 2) Chemical And from… Mo Se
Thin Solid FilmsVolume 260, Issue 1, 1 May 1995, Pages 26-31 Table 3. Room temperature thermal expansion coefficients α for the constituent materials in the cell Stress originates from… Material Cd(Zn)S CuInSe, average Mo Corning 7509 Soda-Lime α ( x 10-6℃-1) 3.6 8.2 5.1 4.6 9.2 Reference Thermophysical Properties of Matter, Vol. 13, IFI Plenum Sol. Cells, 16 (1986) 399 22 Metals ReJerence Book, Plenum Corning Bulletin. Lange's Handbook of Chemistry Residual stress in Mo? Then, why there is no Ga segregation in co-evaporated CIGS? Stress originates from… Thermal expansion coefficient difference?
J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 55, No. 4, 909 (1984) Stress originates from… • Volume expansion by selenization? • Volume expansion >100% by selenization • In the direction perpendicular to the interface, the selenide being free • In-plane ~35% linear expansion will be difficult. The interface will be subjected to a plane stress. Selenide • In-plane compressive stress • Decreased cation vacancy concentration • Diffusion of Ga toward bottom Precursors Mo Glass