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Impact of HIV & AIDS on Agriculture and Food Security in the SADC Region

This study, part of a five-year EU-funded project, explores the profound effects of HIV and AIDS on agriculture and food security in seven SADC countries: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It aims to identify the impacts of the epidemic on food security and recommend strategies for mitigation. Key findings indicate that agricultural productivity is declining, household dependency ratios are high, and many households are losing farming time due to illness and funerals. This research will support policy development and enhance capacity in the FANR sector.

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Impact of HIV & AIDS on Agriculture and Food Security in the SADC Region

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  1. FANRPAN HIV & AIDS Policy Studies Lindiwe Majele Sibanda linds@ecoweb.co.zw linds@mweb.co.za

  2. FANRPAN Mission • To coordinate, influence and facilitatepolicy research, analysis and dialogue at the national, regional and global levels in order to develop the food, agriculture and natural resources sector. • The Mission is achieved through research, networking, capacity building and informationgeneration for the benefit of the SADC region.

  3. Impact of HIV & AIDS on Agriculture & Food Security in the SADC region: A Policy Development Framework • This is part of a five-year EU funded project • 2 year study • Aim: To determine the impact of HIV & AIDS on food security and recommend mitigation and coping strategies for adoption by SADC Ministries of Agriculture

  4. Implementing Countries • 7 Study Countries: • Botswana, Lesotho, • Namibia, South Africa, • Swaziland, Zambia & Zimbabwe

  5. Expected Impact • Capacity building in the SADC Secretariat and FANR sector for the management and control of HIV & AIDS • Development of programmes and strategies to reduce vulnerability of people in the FANR sector to HIV & AIDS and increased support to people that are living with HIV & AIDS

  6. Overall Objective

  7. Project Purpose

  8. Planned Results

  9. Impact Variables Database • Developed using Epi Info 2000, using Microsoft Access Database • Developed from national level SPSS databases • Has 167 variables and 1930 records from 7 countries. • Variables have household data on demographics, health, income, expenditure and impact of HIV and AIDS. • Analysis carried out at country and regional levels. • Integrated framework within Epi Info allows for analysis and reporting.

  10. Variables Tracked

  11. Variables Tracked

  12. Variables Tracked

  13. Example of variables collected: demographics

  14. Example of variables collected: impacts

  15. Achievements to Date

  16. Emerging results • HIV and AIDS has led to a decline in agricultural productivity: • Mean household size was 6.1 • About 5% of all households where headed by children under 18years(The figures were 6.4% for Botswana, 3.9% for Lesotho, 1% for Namibia, 1% for South Africa, 2.5% for Swaziland, 6% for Zambia and 3.8% for Zimbabwe) • 30 % of households had 3 or more dependents. Of these, Zambian, South African and Namibian households had the largest numbers. • 65% of Households reported field sizes of under 2 ha. There was no correlation between field size and amount of fertilizer used. • 18.2 % of Households reported that HIV and AIDS illnesses and funerals deprived them of farming time. • 75% of households have a dependency ratio greater than 1. ie have more dependents than economically active members.

  17. Contributions to Policy Development Immediate • Enhanced Policy Dialogue national and regional • Study identified key variables in agriculture and food security. • Production and Marketing • Availability and Access • Study quantified impact based on field survey and secondary data. • Information database for 7 countries. • Regional Database with baseline information on impact

  18. Contributions to Policy Development Medium to Long term • Develop & harmonize policies for FANR sector: (baseline)-Impact-policy development-submit for adoption-monitor implementation • Develop HIV & AIDS vulnerability index for the FANR sector. This will quantify coping, acute and emergency levels at household and national levels. • Help SADC develop social protection policies e.g. agricultural inputs pack, basic needs basket.

  19. Challenges / Lessons Learnt 1. Agricultural chain is broad • Production • Processing • Marketing 2. Food Security is multi-variant • Availability • Accessibility • Utililisation

  20. Challenges / Lessons Learnt 3. HIV & AIDS / Issue of Time Series • Sensitivity of subject 4. Data Collection • No documented records • Household mobility • Time series 5. Coordination of Multi-Country Research In country -communication/networking

  21. Exit Intentions • FANRPAN nodes need to be capacitated so they continue to collect and analyse data for longitudinal surveys Policy development takes time • Develop & harmonize policies for FANR sector: (baseline)-Impact-policy development-submit for adoption-monitor implementation • Formal channel for sharing information at national and regional level created/strengthened

  22. CONCLUSIONS • Study has demonstrated need for evidence based policy development • Database is only as good as: • Quality of the data stored • Rigour of the analysis • Utilisation of information THERE IS NEED TO UPDATE AND SHARE INFORMATION REGULARLY

  23. THANK YOU • EU for financing the study • SADC for supporting and coordination study implementation

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