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Prehistoric Andean States

Prehistoric Andean States. Wilson Ch.-9 (Part 2) The Inca . Machu Pichu. The Inca ( A.D. 1200 and 1532). Ethnohistorical Background & Chronology 332 years Early Inca (A.D. 1200-1438) founding the capital city of Cuzco by Manco Capac Viracocha Inca- Supreme title “ Sapa Inca”

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Prehistoric Andean States

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  1. Prehistoric Andean States Wilson Ch.-9 (Part 2) The Inca Machu Pichu

  2. The Inca (A.D. 1200 and 1532) • Ethnohistorical Background & Chronology • 332 years • Early Inca (A.D. 1200-1438) founding the capital city of Cuzco by Manco Capac • Viracocha Inca- Supreme title “Sapa Inca” • Late Inca (A.D. 1438-1532) • Reign of Pachacuti in 1438 A.D. • Topa Inca- set out to conquer (from Chile to Colombia) • Died without naming successor- Civil War • Huascar (Cuzco) -Atahuallpa (Quito) • Largest empire in the Americas lasted only 87 years. • Military and political control over 1,835,000 square kilometers

  3. The Imperial Inca System • Physical Environment • Mode of Production • Agriculture & Pastoralism • Irrigation and terracing systems • Citizens must provide mit’alabor • aqllacuna • Settlement Pattern • Cuzco population- 100,000 people by 1532 • Public heart of the city was the Huacaypata • Aqllahuasi & the “chosen women” • Tahuantinsuy- “land of the Four Quarters” • Road system & the quipus(decimally knotted strings) • Mode of Reproduction • Total population: between 6 to 10 million people in 1,833,000 km2

  4. The Imperial Inca System • Domestic Economy and Social Organization • Children naming ceremony: Rutuchico • Yachahuasi • Rites of passage of both genders • Quicochico • Huarochico • Age of marriage • Tribute in labor • Marriage tax • Endogamous marriages in groups called ayllu • Local leaders were called sinchi • Inca was a name for the original inhabitants of Cuzco • Inca married his own sister to keep the blood line 100% (or 50%) pure • Inca royalty as direct descendants of Inti

  5. The Imperial Inca System • Political Economy • Origins of Inca state (A.D. 1438) • “split inheritance system” by Conrad • Inca would see conquered people as barbarians • Military campaigns • divination ritual called calpa • Administrator would follow the conquestincluding Quipucamayocs • Religious imposition and standardized dress code

  6. The Imperial Inca System • Ritual and Leadership • Theocracy: Sapa Inca = Inti • Apu (governors) • Coya (Queen) duality • Capac Hucha rituals • Ideology • Inca cosmology (fig.9.26) • Gender equality

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