Year 6 Revision booklet

1. Year 6 Revision booklet • One sheet per topic • Mind map, note or questionnaire type form • Some links to the internet • For a general revision site go to: • http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/ks2bitesize/science/ Year 6 Revision booklet

2. 6A Plants make oxygen and use carbon dioxide Animals make carbon dioxide and use oxygen Plants and animals are interdependent Polar bear adaptations Streamlined body for strong swimming Interdependence & Adaptation Thick White Fur for camouflage and warmth Sharp Claws for digging burrows and catching fish Adapting to the environment increases an organisms chance of survival Plants need : Oxygen, heat and water to germinate, to grow they also need light (to make their food) and nutrients for strong growth A Food Web is many connected food chains A Food Chain shows what eats what. (The arrow shows into whose mouth the food goes.) Grass  RabbitFox Year 6 Revision booklet

3. 6B All Micro-organisms do MRSGREN (Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition) Yeast is a micro-organism. For yeast to perform its life processes, it needs water, warmth and food (sugar). We make dough rise by the carbon dioxide produced by when yeast respires. Microbes are tiny! 10 or 20 would fit onto the very tip of a needle! Micro-Organisms Microbes or Germs (bacteria & viruses) Good microbes: Make beer, wine, cheese & yoghurt Bad microbes Cause flu, tooth decay, chickenpox and food poisoning Word List: Bacteria- Tiny living organism Virus- Tiny organism which causes smallpox (which was cured by a Edward Jenner using a vaccination) Germ- General term for bacteria or Virus Year 6 Revision booklet

4. 6C More About Dissolving Stir, grains of sugar into hot tea for a quick sweet drink! Factors which affect how solids dissolve • Dissolving is a Physical (Reversible) Change • It creates a mixture. You can separate mixtures using: • Coloured dyes- Chromatography (each colour separated) • Insoluble solids/ liquid – Filtration (gets the solid) • Soluble solids/ liquid – Evaporation (gets the solid) • Soluble solids/ liquid – Distillation (gets the liquid) • Many liquids mixed – Fractional distillation (eg Crude oil) Making a salt (solute) & water (solvent) mixture by dissolving table salt (sodium chloride) in water. The result is a clear colourless SOLUTION. A copper sulphate (solute) & water (solvent) mixture is a clear blue SOLUTION. • Sand is insoluble in water and can be removed from water by filtration. • To separate salt & sand mixture: • Add water to mixture – salt dissolves • Filter –removes insoluble sand • Evaporate – removes water • White salt is left behind! To see how changes of state occur, go to: http://www.footprints-science.co.uk/flash/states.swf Year 6 Revision booklet

5. Heat The Fire Triangle Fuel Oxygen Reversible & Irreversible Changes 6D Chemical (Irreversible) Changes Burning or Combustion Cooking Neutralising (vinegar & bicarbonate) A process making new substances with new properties ( e.g. Solid + Liquid makes a gas, or 2 liquids mix and change colour!) Physical (Reversible) Changes Evaporation: Liquid  Gas Condensation: Gas  Liquid Melting: Solid  Liquid Freezing: Liquid  Solid Subliming: Solid  Gas Subliming: Gas Solid Dissolving solid into a liquid Word List REVERSIBLE: Able to be changed back to the way it was before IRREVERSIBLE: Cannot be changed back to the way it w as before. BURNING: To set something on fire (combustion). This is also oxidation as oxygen from the air is necessary for burning. DISSOLVING: When a solid substance ‘disappears’ in a liquid SEPARATION:A method used to sort materials which have somehow become mixed up. Fire is an irreversible change Year 6 Revision booklet

6. Forces in Action 6E Upthrust Friction Thrust Air resistance Nessie Thrust = Friction = Constant speed Thrust > Friction = Speeding up Thrust < Friction = Slowing Down Weight Heavy ocean liners float because the upthrust from the weight of water displaced equals the weight of the liner! Forces are measured in Newtons Weight Graph showing how Nessie’s speed changes when she falls out of a plane reaches a constant speed (220m/s) and then her parachute opens so she slows down to 30m/s! Forces can only: 1 Change a thing’s direction 2 Change a thing’s shape 3 Slow a thing down 4 Speed a thing up Speed (m/s) Year 6 Revision booklet Time (secs)

7. 6F How We See Things Light is reflected off objects into our eye The sun is the major LIGHT SOURCE . Other light sources are light bulbs and fire. Light travels in straight lines with an arrow for direction Light reflects best of shiny smooth objects like a mirror. In a mirror left appears right and vice versa. This is LATERAL INVERSION Transparent Periscopes enable you to see above or below and uses two mirrors at 45° A B C C B A Mirror Translucent Mirrors at 45° Opaque Shadows change as the object is moved nearer to or farther from the screen. Near the screen – dark, sharp shadows Near the candle – light fuzzy shadow Year 6 Revision booklet

8. 6G Electricity: Changing Circuits + A Series Circuit ‘A’ is smaller A + Know your symbols Cells , Bulb, Ammeter Voltmeter, Switch (open), (closed) Resistor, Variable Resistor, Fuse Diode A Parallel Circuit ‘A’ is bigger A Electricity is a flow of charge To see how you can affect the brightness of bulbs in a circuit go to: http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/scienceclips/ages/10_11/changing_circuits.shtml Year 6 Revision booklet

9. 6G Enquiry into Environmental Issues How do I frame a question? What is a fair test? Why do I repeat an experiment several times? What measurements should I make? How should I record my results (table or graph) What type of graph (bar chart or line graph)? A Bar Chart A Line Graph Discontinuous variableContinuous variable Year 6 Revision booklet