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Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages

Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages. Periodization. Early Middle Ages : 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages : 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages : 1250 - 1500. Europe in the 6c. W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire. First major group to hold power after 476 – The Franks

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Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages

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  1. Chapters 17 & 20 The Middle Ages

  2. Periodization Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000 High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250 Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

  3. Europe in the 6c

  4. W. Europe after the Fall of the Roman Empire • First major group to hold power after 476 – The Franks • W. Europe power now based in Germany/France instead of Italy • ***The Franks converted to Roman Catholic Christianity • Leader Clovis rules from 481-511 • Ensures Franks are dominant political & military power in W. Europe • By becoming Christian – Franks get support from the Pope & millions of other Christians in W. Europe

  5. Charlemagne • Carolingians replace Franks in W. Europe, led by Charlemagne • Re-est. Centralized rule in (briefly) in Europe • Extended territory throughout Europe • Diplomatic relations w/Byzantines, Abbasid Caliphate and others • Local rule by counts - MissiDominici used to keep them in line • Crowned Emperor in 800 by Pope

  6. Charlemagne: 742 to 814

  7. Charlemagne’s Empire

  8. Pope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. 25, 800

  9. Viking Ships

  10. Breakdown of Charlemagne’s Empire Vikings Magyars Muslims

  11. Results? • Europe breaks down into complete regionalism • Many small, regional states and kingdoms carved out of W. Europe • Feudalism becomes the dominant political/economic order • New decentralized system in place • Order is now placed at the local level

  12. Feudalism A decentralized political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

  13. Carcassonne: A Medieval Castle

  14. Parts of a Medieval Castle

  15. The Road to Knighthood KNIGHT SQUIRE PAGE

  16. Chivalry: A Code of Honor and Behavior

  17. The Medieval Manor

  18. Life on the Medieval Manor Serfs at work

  19. The Medieval Catholic Church • filled the power vacuum left from the collapse of the classical world. • monasticism: • St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty, chastity, and obedience. • provided schools for the children of the upper class. • inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war. • libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts. • monks  missionaries to the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

  20. The Power of the Medieval Church • bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system. • the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe. • tried to curb feudal warfare  only 40 days a year for combat. • curb heresies  crusades; Inquisition • tithe  1/10 tax on your assets given to the church. • Peter’s Pence  1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

  21. A Medieval Monk’s Day

  22. A Medieval Monastery: The Scriptorium

  23. Illuminated Manuscripts

  24. Romanesque Architectural Style • Rounded Arches. • Barrel vaults. • Thick walls. • Darker, simplistic interiors. • Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

  25. Carolingian Miniscule

  26. The Rise of European Monarchies: England

  27. Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Treaty of Verdun, 843

  28. The "Renaissance" of the 12c

  29. William the Conqueror:Battle of Hastings, 1066(Bayeaux Tapestry)

  30. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

  31. Evolution of England’s Political System • Henry I: • William’s son. • set up a court system. • Exchequer dept. of royal finances. • Henry II: • established the principle of common law throughout the kingdom. • grand jury. • trial by jury.

  32. Magna Carta, 1215 • King John I • Runnymeade • “Great Charter” • monarchs were not above the law. • kings had to consult a council of advisors. • kings could not tax arbitrarily.

  33. The Beginnings of the British Parliament • Great Council: • middle class merchants, townspeople [burgesses in Eng., bourgeoisie in Fr., burghers in Ger.] were added at the end of the 13c. • eventually called Parliament. • by 1400, two chambers evolved: • House of Lords  nobles & clergy. • House of Commons  knights and burgesses.

  34. The Rise of European Monarchies: France

  35. Gothic Architectural Style • Pointed arches. • High, narrow vaults. • Thinner walls. • Flying buttresses. • Elaborate, ornate, airier interiors. • Stained-glass windows. “Flying” Buttresses

  36. Pope Urban II: Preaching a Crusade

  37. Setting Out on Crusade

  38. Christian Crusades: East and West

  39. Medieval Universities

  40. Oxford University

  41. Late Medieval Town Dwellings

  42. Medieval Trade

  43. Medieval Guilds Guild Hall • Commercial Monopoly: • Controlled membershipapprentice journeyman  master craftsman • Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece]. • Controlled prices

  44. Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s Shop

  45. Crest of a Cooper’s Guild

  46. 1. Summarize the content of the piece in 5 bullet points (as you would if you were doing document analysis on a DBQ) 2. What is the author’s point of view (why would he be writing something like this at this time / place?) 3. How does understanding his POV give us a better understanding of the time period?

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