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Test 1

Test 1. Gabriel Mayo Mickey Lee Lavuen Sears. C++ Review (Chapter 1 - 7). Data Types. Data Type : set of values together with a set of operations is called a data type C++ data can be classified into three categories: Simple data type Structured data type Pointers.

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Test 1

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  1. Test 1 • Gabriel Mayo • Mickey Lee • Lavuen Sears

  2. C++ Review(Chapter 1 - 7)

  3. Data Types • Data Type: set of values together with a set of operations is called a data type • C++ data can be classified into three categories: • Simple data type • Structured data type • Pointers

  4. Simple Data Types Three categories of simple data • Integral: integers (numbers without a decimal) • Question: how many integral data type in C++ • Char;short;int;long;bool;unsigned char; unsigned short;unsigned int; unssigned long • Floating-point: decimal numbers • Question: how many floating-point data type in C++ • Float (32) with 6-7 decimal place;double(64) (15);long double(128) • Enumeration type: user-defined data type

  5. Build-in operators • C++ Operators + addition -  subtraction * multiplication / division % remainder (mod operator) +, -, *, and / can be used with integral and floating-point data types •Unary operator - has only one operand •Binary Operator - has two operands

  6. Type conversion • static_cast<newdatatype>(expression)

  7. string • <string> header file • Declaration • Assignment statement • string aString = ‘’; • string aString = “”; • string aString = NULL; • aString = “abcde”; aString[0]?aString[5];aString[4]

  8. Input/Output Streams •I/O: sequence of bytes (stream of bytes) from source to destination •Bytes are usually characters, unless program requires other types of information •Stream: sequence of characters from source to destination •Input Stream: sequence of characters from an input device to the computer •Output Stream: sequence of characters from the computer to an output device

  9. Standard I/O stream • cin • get() • getline() • >> • cout • <iomanip>

  10. File I/O stream • <fstream> • Ifstream • Ofstream open() close() >> <<

  11. Control structures

  12. Control structures—Selection

  13. Control structures

  14. switch Structures

  15. The while Loop

  16. The do…while Loop

  17. The for Loop for (initial statement; loop condition; update statement) statement

  18. Function – Predefined functions • Predefined functions • sqrt(x) • pow(x,y) • floor(x) • Predefined functions are organized into separate libraries

  19. User-Defined Functions • Value-Returning Functions • functionType: type of the value returned by the function

  20. void Functions

  21. Formal Parameters • Value Parameters --- The value of the corresponding actual parameter is copied into it • Reference Parameter --- a formal parameter that receives the location (memory address) of the corresponding actual parameter

  22. Reference Variables as Parameters • Returning more than one value • Changing the actual parameter • When passing the address would save memory space and time • Stream variables (for example, ifstream and ofstream) should be passed by reference to a function

  23. Parameter passing by value & reference // function to compute an expression using int value parameters #include<iostream> using namespace std; int abc(int a, int b, int c) { return a + b * c; } int main() { int x=2, y=3, z=4; cout << abc(x,y,z) << endl; return 0; } a,b,c: Value parameter

  24. Parameter passing by value & reference // function to compute an expression using int value parameters #include<iostream> using namespace std; int abc(int& a, int b, int c) { return a + b * c; } int main() { int x=2, y=3, z=4; cout << abc(x,y,z) << endl; return 0; } a, reference parameter b,c: Value parameter

  25. Scope of an Identifier • Local identifier - identifiers declared within a function (or block) • Global identifier – identifiers declared outside of every function definition

  26. Static and Automatic Variables • Automatic variable - memory is allocated at block entry and deallocated at block exit • Static variable - memory remains allocated as long as the program executes

  27. Function Overloading • In a C++ program, several functions can have the same name. • This is called functionoverloading or overloading a functionname. • A different number of formal parameters, or • If the number of formal parameters is the same, then the data type of the formal parameters

  28. Example • Write a program that prompts user to input a string and then outputs the string in the pig latin form. The rules for converting a string into pig latin form are as following: • If the string begins with a vowel (y is treated as a vowel). Add “-way” at the end of the string. E.g eyeeye-way • If the string does not begin with a vowel, first add “-” at the end of the string. Then rotate the string one character at a time until the first character becomes a vowel, then add “ay” at the end. E.g. thatat-thay, • If the string contains no vowels, add “-way” at the end. bcdbcd-ay. • The character is non case sensitive, that means, vowels are a.e.i. o.u.y.A.E.I.O.U.Y.

  29. Problem Analysis • If str denotes a string • Check the first character, str[0], of str • If str[0] is a vowel, add "-way" at the end of str • If the first character of str, str[0], is not a vowel • First add "-" at the end of the string • Remove the first character of str from str and put it at end of str • Now the second character of str becomes the first character of str • This process is repeated until either • The first character of str is a vowel • All characters of str are processed, in which case str does not contain any vowels

  30. Algorithm Design • The program contains the following functions: • isVowel - to determine whether a character is a vowel • rotate - to move first character of str to the end of str • pigLatinString - to find the pig Latin form of str • Steps in the Algorithm: • Get str • Use the function pigLatinString to find the pig Latin form of str • Output the pig Latin form of str

  31. isVowel

  32. rotate

  33. pigLatinString

  34. main

  35. Homework 1 • Posted in course website • Due date: Next Tuesday! • TA: • Yan Peng • TEC 348 • Hours will be told by email • NO LATE ASSIGNMENT WILL BE ACCEPTED!

  36. HW 1 In HW1 folder, there is a sample code for reading contents of a directory. Input folder contains all input matrix. Notes: • Please zip your assignment if it contains more than one file, name it as yourstudentid_assignment1.zip, e.g. yourid is 123456, your first programming assignment will be named as 123456_assignment1.zip. • Submission should contain readme file to show how to compile your program in ORCA. • Submit your source code to csc307spring2010@gmail.com on time! • No late submission will be acceptable!

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