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Exploring Evolution: From Charles Darwin to Plate Tectonics

Learn about the key concepts in biological and geological evolution, from Darwin's natural selection to Wegener's continental drift and plate tectonics. Understand how species evolve over time and how Earth's landforms have changed.

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Exploring Evolution: From Charles Darwin to Plate Tectonics

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  1. Biological Evolution VocabularyDec. 5, 2011 • Charles Darwin- a naturalist that proposed that over time, new species developed from pre-existing species. • Natural Selection – a theory of Charles Darwin’s that populations of species evolve into new species through adaptation and variation.

  2. Geological Evolution VocabularyDec. 6, 2011 • Alfred Wegener – a German Scientist that observed that the continents on Earth appeared to fit together like a big jigsaw puzzle. • Continental Drift- Wegner’s proposal that the continents had once been a large single landmass (Pangaea) that has split apart and moved.

  3. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec. 7, 2011 Plate Tectonics – the theory that Earth’s lithosphere is broken into large sections (tectonic plates) that move and change over time. Asthenosphere- the molten layer of the Earth on which the tectonic plates float.

  4. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec 8, 2011 • Convergent Plate Boundary-where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another. • Divergent Plate Boundary- where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.

  5. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec. 9, 2011 • Transform Boundaries- plates of the Earth that slide past each other. Earthquakes result from movement at transform boundaries. • Richter Scale- the scale used to measure the intensity of earthquakes.

  6. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec. 12, 2011 • Eon- A geologic eon is the largest division of time in geology, and is generally considered to be around a billion years. • Era- A division of geologic time marked by new life forms and ending in extinction of the primary species. (millions of years long)

  7. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec 13, 2011 • Period- A portion of an era, usually thousands of years, that are denoted by the emergence of significant life forms, land movement, and/or extinction. • Epoch- A geologic epoch is a span of time smaller than a "period" and larger than an "age", on the geologic time scale.

  8. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec. 14, 2011 • Absolute time- Dating fossils using radioactive particles. (Using amount of radioactive material left to approximate age.) ex. Carbon 14 • Relative Time- Dating fossils using position underground and “Index fossils” found in the sediment.

  9. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec. 15, 2011 • Law of superposition- geologist use this law to determine relative rock age. Older rock layers lie under younger rock layers. • Ice Cores- Samples of ice drilled from Antarctica that contains bubbles of air that show the history of Earth’s climate over time.

  10. Geologic Evolution VocabularyDec. 16, 2011 • Geologic Evolution- The change in land forms over Earth’s time. • Biological Evolution- The change in life forms over geologic time. • Technological Evolution – the change in technology in response to societal and business needs.

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