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Questionnaire Surveys

Questionnaires are effective tools for gathering data by asking respondents standardized questions, allowing for rapid collection of information on people's views, opinions, and attitudes. They can feature open-ended questions for qualitative data or closed questions for quantitative insights. Key types of closed questions include straightforward responses, checklists, and ranking scales. While questionnaires are cost-effective and minimize investigator bias, they can suffer from issues like social desirability bias and low response rates. Designing effective questionnaires is crucial for obtaining accurate and meaningful data.

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Questionnaire Surveys

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  1. Questionnaire Surveys • Obtaining data by asking people questions and recording their answers • A standardised set of question is given to each respondent; they give their answers in writing • Gets you lots of data quickly and gives you an insight into people’s views, opinions and attitudes • But only if they answer accurately

  2. Types of Question • Open questions • Allow respondents to answer however they want • Generate qualitative data • Closed questions • Restrict respondent to a predetermined set of responses • Generate quantitative data

  3. Types of Closed Question • Straightforward response • Are you female or male? M F • What is your age in years? ____ years • Do you smoke? Yes No

  4. Types of Closed Question • Checklist • What is the highest academic qualification you hold? • GCSEs • A – Levels • Undergraduate degree • Post-graduate degree

  5. Types of Closed Question • Adjectival/adverbial response • Does your anxiety affect your ability to do the following things?

  6. Types of Closed Question • Numerical (Likert) response scale • Psychology is the most interesting A-Level subject

  7. Types of Closed Question • Ranking scale • Rank the following activities according to how much time you spend on them each day (1 = most time, 4 = least time) • Talking face to face • Talking on the telephone • Text messaging • Other (e.g. MSN, IRC chat)

  8. Advantages of questionnaires • Can collect a lot of data about attitudes and what people think rather than just what they do • Cheap and efficient – researcher doesn’t need to be present while Ps completes questionnaire • Fewer investigator effects (because fewer interpersonal factors influence Ps)

  9. Disadvantages of questionnaires • Social desirability bias – presenting yourself in a favourable light • People may give untruthful answers (especially for sensitive topics) • Low response rates (only most motivated Ps reply) • Difficult to phrase Qs clearly – Ps may interpret Qs in different ways

  10. Factors in questionnaire design • Match the factor to the appropriate description on the next page. • N.B. They are not in the correct order!

  11. Factors in questionnaire design

  12. Design your own questionnaire • Choose one topic • Follow the instructions • Hand in one side of A4 summary on the bullet points next lesson.

  13. Interviews • Download the document title ‘Interviews in psychological research’ from the website and complete the mind map in your booklet.

  14. Homework • Answer the true/false questions about interviews in your booklets • If the statement is false, correct it and if it is true, elaborate on the point to explain it. • All work MUST be completed for next week’s lesson: come and see me or email if you have any questions.

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