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Covalent Bonding

Covalent Bonding. Covalent Bonds. A bond between two(2) or more NON-METAL atoms Only have to worry about the small amount of non-metals on the right side of the staircase (no others) * Hydrogen is the only exception. Treat hydrogen as a non-metal*

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Covalent Bonding

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  1. Covalent Bonding

  2. Covalent Bonds • A bond between two(2) or more NON-METAL atoms • Only have to worry about the small amount of non-metals on the right side of the staircase (no others) • *Hydrogen is the only exception. Treat hydrogen as a non-metal* • Electrons between the atoms are SHARED to form the bond • No electrons are lost or gained, therefore no ions are formed • This means you do NOT have to worry about charges at all! • Unfortunately however, naming and formulas for covalent bonds is a completely different process

  3. Instead of using ions and charges to determine the names and numbers of atoms in formulas, when we are dealing covalent compounds we use prefixes  Prefixes indicate the number of atoms in a covalent compound AND they are used in naming covalent compounds Prefixes: 1 – “mono” 2 – “di” 3 – “tri” 4 – “tetra” 5 – “penta” 6 – “hexa” 7 – “hept” 8 – “oct” 9 – “non” 10 - “deca” Naming and Formulas for Covalent Bonds

  4. Naming when given the formula • Step 1: Begin by writing down the names of the elements involved in the correct order • i.e.: P2O5 • = phosphorus oxygen • Step 2: Based on the number of each of the atoms involved, add in the correct prefix to the element names • i.e.: P2O5 • = diphosphorus pentoxygen • Step 3: Change the ending of the last element to the suffix “ide” • i.e.: P2O5 • = diphosphorus pentoxide

  5. Getting the formula when given the name • Step 1: Find the symbol of the atoms involved on the periodic table • i.e.: dinitrogen tribromide = • N & Br • Step 2: Write the symbols down beside each other in the correct order • i.e.: dinitrogen tribromide = • NBr • Step 3: Determine the number of each element is needed from the prefixes and place the number as a subscript on the right side of the symbol • i.e.: dinitrogen tribromide = • N2Br3

  6. Tricky Rules • The prefix “mono” is only used on the element that is named second • i.e.: CO • Name = carbon monoxide • Not monocarbon monoxide • Do not reduce any of the subscripts in covalent formulas • i.e.: C2H4 stays as C2H4, not CH2 • Compounds that only have one particular element in them do not need to include the (1) subscript in the formula • i.e.: Nitrogen monosulfide • Formula = NS • Not N1S1

  7. Examples • Give formulas for the following: • Carbon dioxide • CO2 • Trintrogen hexabromide • N3Br6 • Diboron heptachloride • B2Cl7 • Give names for the following: • N3I5 • Trinitrogen pentaiodide • SiF4 • Silicon tetrafluoride • SeCl • Selenium monochloride

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