Objective

1. Objective • TSW analyze documents of Cabeza de Vaca and the events and issues related to his exploration of Texas by completing a mini-Q • Homework – complete French Exploration history book

2. Warm-up B A Compare both pictures of Cabeza de Vaca. How do they differ? How is Cabeza illustrated in both pictures?

3. Cabeza de Vaca How did Cabeza de Vaca survive?

4. Analytical Question • What is the analytical question asked by this Mini-Q? • How did Cabeza de Vaca survive?

5. Analytical Question • “How did Cabeza de Vaca survive?” • What terms in the question need to be defined?

6. Analytical Question • “How did Cabeza de Vaca survive?” • Rewrite the question in your own words. • During his eight years as a castaway, how did Cabeza de Vaca manage to stay alive?

7. Reflection - Pre-Bucketing How did Cabeza de Vaca survive? (look at the document titles on the whiteboard for suggestions) Reason #1 for survival Reason #3 for survival Reason #2 for survival

8. Document A Cabeza’s Trek Across Texas and Mexico • Look at the map. • Then read and answer the questions. • Be ready to share out

9. In what year did Cabeza de Vaca’s raft wash ashore in east Texas? • November 1528

10. Cabeza de Vaca escaped from his Indian captors in 1534. About how long did it take him to walk from east Texas coast to Mexico City? • Almost two years

11. About how many miles was this walk? • The jagged route from Galveston Island to Mexico City was at least 2,500 miles, probably more.

12. What details on the map indicate that this is a tough landscape to survive? • Mountains, desert, unfriendly Indians, absence of towns.

13. Document B – The Art of Survival • Look at the chart on Document B. • Complete the document analysis. • Be ready to share out.

14. Give one example each of how Cabeza dealt with thirst and hunger? • Thirst: Stored water in hollowed-out horse legs. • Hunger: was willing to eat a wide range of food to stay alive, including rats and spiders

15. How can the ability to speak a language save your life? • Language helps you to get directions, find food and water, and make friends.

16. Besides providing warmth, how might Cabeza’s four fires have helped him stay alive? • The cross design may have been an effort to seek God’s help. Caeza was a Spanish Catholic, and this was a very religious time in Spain. Signaling to God probably helped him keep his faith and stay positive.

17. What is the main idea of this document? How does it explain why Cabeza survived? • The main idea of this document is that survival depends upon many skills, some not so obvious at first. Ability to get fresh water and food is key. So are language skills, developing good relations (trust) with people who can help, and maintaining hope and faith.

18. Document C: The Surgeon • Read the excerpt on Document C. • Look at the picture on Document C. • What do you see in the picture? • Complete the Document analysis. • Be ready to share out.

19. What was wrong with the man who was brought to Cabeza? What tool did Cabeza use to perform the operation? • The man had an arrowhead lodged in his chest, just above the heart. • Cabeza used a knife to cut out the arrow point.

20. What details in the painting are supported by Cabeza’s account of the operation? • The Indians accompanying the patient; the knife in Cabeza’s hand; the blood and the patient’s pained expression indicate a deep cut.

21. How does this document help answer the question, “How id Cabeza de Vaca survive?” • Cabeza and his fellow travelers were apparently quite successful in their healing practices. A reputation for being a good healers might guarantee safe passage across the land. The three men believed that God had a hand in their powers to heal.

22. Document D “We came from where the sun rose” • Read the excerpt from the “Relacion of Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca”, 1542. • Complete the document Analysis.

23. Who were the Christians that Cabeza met near the Gulf of California? • Mounted Spanish conquistadors, or conquerors

24. What were the Spaniards doing when Cabeza met up with them? • The Spaniards were trying to catch Indian slaves.

25. How did the Spaniards describe Cabeza and his three friends to the Indians? • The Spaniards said that Cabeza and his three friends were of “no worth” and they, the Spaniards, were the real lords over the Indians.

26. According to Cabeza, how did the Indians regard him and his friends compared to the Spaniards? • The Indians said that, in general, Cabeza and his friends were good and the Spaniards were bad. Cabeza came from the rising sun, a place of light; the Spaniards came from the setting sun, a place of darkness. Cabeza cured, the Spaniards killed. Cabeza came naked and empty handed, the Spaniards came mounted and armed. Cabeza and his friends gave, Spaniards stole everything.

27. How does this document help answer the question, “How did Cabeza de Vaca survive? • The healing document shows Cabeza cared for the Indians. • He knew slavery first hand and knew its evils. • He appears to think of the Indians as fellow human beings. • Cabeza helped the Indians; the Indians helped Cabeza.

28. Bucketing Curing his eight years as a castaway, how did Cabeza de Vaca survive? Reason #2 for survival Reason #3 for survival Reason #1 for survival

29. Bucketing Write bucket labels under each bucket. Then place the letter of the documents in the bucket where they belong. Document Letters Document Letters Document letters Reason #1 Reason # 2 Reason #3 for survival for survival for survival

30. Chicken Foot Bucket label Your thesis that will answer the mini Q questions Bucket label Bucket label

31. Chicken Foot Wilderness skills Cabeza survived for at least three reasons Success as a healer Respect for the Native American

32. Reflection In your own words, summarize Cabeza de Vaca’s journey from the shipwreck at Tampa Bay to him reaching Mexico City. (you may refer to your documents)