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The Music of Machines

The Music of Machines. a machine means regular rhythm metronome (Beethoven) spinning wheel (Wagner - Flying Dutchman) sewing machine (Charpentier - Louise) trains (Honegger - Pacific 231) airplane (Antheil - Airplane Sonata) mechanical devices (Antheil - Ballet Mecanique)

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The Music of Machines

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  1. The Music of Machines • a machine means regular rhythm • metronome (Beethoven) • spinning wheel (Wagner - Flying Dutchman) • sewing machine (Charpentier - Louise) • trains (Honegger - Pacific 231) • airplane (Antheil - Airplane Sonata) • mechanical devices (Antheil - Ballet Mecanique) • telephone (Menotti - The Telephone) • foundry (Mossolov - Steel Foundry)

  2. Facination with the Machine • Arthur Honegger 1892 - 1955 • Pacific 231 • composed in 1923 • a “symphonic movement” • description of a steam locomotive

  3. Facination with the Machine • Heitor Villa-Lobos 1887 - 1959 • Bachianas Brasileiras • suites for various instrumental combinations • No. 2: The Little Train of the Caipira • inspired by a trip he took • “Caipira” means “yokel”

  4. Technology and the listener • MUSIQUE CONCRETE • “natural” sounds • editing • ELECTRONIC STUDIOS • Herbert Eimert - 1952 • Edgard Varese 1883 - 1965 • Poeme Electronic (1958) • Le Corbusier • Philips Radio Corporation - Brussels World’s Fair • sound - projected images • no synchronization

  5. TECHNOLOGY • Synthesizers • the impact of synthesizers • affordable • efficient • RCA Mark II (1955) • Robert Moog and Donald Buchla • Switched - on - Bach (1968) • Walter (later Wendy) Carlos • Live and Electronic Mixes • Live Electronic Music • Computer Music

  6. TECHNOLOGY • IRCAM • Institut de Recherche et de Coordination Acoustique / Musique (IRCAM) • founded 1976 - Paris • Pierre Boulez • funded by the French government • IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGY IN THE 20th CENTURY • phonograph • preserve • influenced the complexity • brought music to everyone

  7. TECHNOLOGY • radio • 1920 • ideal music library - recorded and live • electronic music has the effect of blurring the distinction between musical sound and noise • tape recorder • greatest impact on compositional technique • passive or active

  8. Philip Glass b. 1937 • Degrees from the University of Chicago, the Juilliard School, and studies with Boulanger • Withdrew the first 20 compositions after working with Ravi Shankar • His works since the mid 1960s are influenced by the rhythmic organization of Indian music • Einstein on the Beach - 1976 • Satyagraha - 1980 • Akhnaten - 1984 • The Voyage - 1992 • Koyaanisqatsi

  9. QUESTIONS • Yehudi Menuhin plays the • violin • John Cage performed his famous piece 4’33” in the video on a street corner. What is the point of this work? • careful listening to the sounds around us • Pacific 231 is a musical description of • a steam locomotive • Villa-Lobos also composed a descriptive work about a train. It is called • The Little Train of the Caipira

  10. QUESTIONS • Alban Berg and Anton Webern were disciples of • Schoenberg • The Hungarian composer who combined native folk music with European music was • Bartok • The first major figure in American Art Music was • Charles Ives • Who invented the prepared piano? • John Cage

  11. RED-HOTQUESTIONS • Who is the composer of Poeme Electronique? • Edgard Varese • For what occasion was Poeme Electronique composed? • The 1958 Brussels World Fair • Musique Concrete means • naturally produced sounds altered electronically • The first electronic studio was developed by the German • Herbert Eimert

  12. COOL QUESTIONS • The first synthesizer was the • RCA Mark II • IRCAM is located • in underground Paris • Pierre Boulez is the director of IRCAM and was conductor of • the New York Philharmonic Orchestra • The greatest technological impact on 20th century composition was the • tape recorder

  13. QUESTIONS • International composer who admonished Americans to draw on their own background • Dvorak • First person to research the music of the Native Americans • Theodore Baker • Creator of the Wa-Wan press • Arthur Farwell • Father of Black American classical music • William Grant Still

  14. QUESTIONS • Composer of thousands of works including classical and jazz • Duke Ellington • Composer of two ballets based on Western folklore • Aaron Copland • First American student of Boulanger • Aaron Copland • Composer of the “African-American Symphony” • William Grant Still

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