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Lecture 3: Transistors

This lecture covers key concepts such as voltage, current, Ohm's Law, Kirchoff's Laws, and various combinations in electrical circuits. It also introduces the characteristics of diodes and the functionality of transistors.

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Lecture 3: Transistors

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  1. Lecture 3: Transistors Introduction to some broadly useful concepts in Electrical and Computer Engineering Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  2. Review • Voltage, Current • Ohm’s Law • Kirchoff’s Laws for Voltage and Current • Equivalent Resistance • Series Combinations • Parallel Combinations • Diode I-V Characteristics Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  3. Ohm’s Law Kirchoff’s Voltage Law Kirchoff’s Current Law Series Equivalent Parallel Equivalent Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  4. Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  5. Voltage Across REQ1 Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  6. Resistor V-I Characteristic • Resistors obey Ohm’s Law • Voltage is proportional to Current • Voltage vs. Current is a straight line Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  7. Diode V-I Characteristic • For ideal diode, current flows only one way • Real diode is close to ideal Ideal Diode Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  8. Transistor:A Combination of 2 Diodes Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  9. Diodes • We have noted previously that diodes act like a flapper valve Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  10. Transistor 2 P-N Junctions Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  11. MOSFET • Applying a gate voltage that exceeds the threshold voltage opens up the channel between the source and the drain • This is from an excellent collection of java applets at SUNY Buffalo http://jas.eng.buffalo.edu/ Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  12. Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  13. KVL Resistance R Kirchoff Voltage Law R/2 Voltage V divided by Current I The sum of all currents into a node is zero Name________________ 2 Minute QuizConnect the Items on the Left With Those on the Right Section________ Date__________ Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  14. Transistor Models • 2 Diodes • Current enters one terminal, is controlled by a second terminal and exits the third terminal. Thus, it acts like a valve. • Valves can be fully open, fully closed, or part way open Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  15. Transistor Models Continued • If the control signal changes with time, the total current passing through the transistor changes in the same way, but at a much higher amplitude Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  16. Transistor Models Continued • Simple circuit model of transistor Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  17. Transistor Models Continued • Transistor as a switch Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  18. Transistor Models Continued • Transistor as logic gate (Inverter) Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  19. The parallel combination of two equal resistors R Kirchoff Voltage Law R/2 Voltage V divided by Current I The sum of all currents into a node is zero Name________________ 2 Minute QuizConnect the Items on the Left With Those on the Right Section________ Date___________ Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  20. Models • There are usually many, many models for engineering devices and systems • Models vary in sophistication and complexity • You can use a model that you understand fully or that you are sure you are applying correctly • Use the simplest model that contains the information required Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  21. Models Continued • Circuit components usually require more complex models at • High frequency • High power • High or low temperature • High levels of radiation • Small size Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  22. Models: Logic Gates Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  23. Logic Gate: XOR (a) Question: What common household switch configuration corresponds to an XOR? Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  24. Models: Black Boxes • Logic gate models are examples of Black Boxes • The inner workings of the model are not of interest • There is a well-defined relationship between the input and the output Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  25. Black Box Examples • Amplifier • Logic Ckt XOR Gate Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  26. Clapper Circuit Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  27. Models: Black Boxes Cont. • Signals and Systems Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  28. KCL Kirchoff Voltage Law R/2 Voltage V divided by Current I The sum of all currents into a node is zero Name________________ 2 Minute QuizConnect the Items on the Left With Those on the Right Section________ Date____________ Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  29. KCL Kirchoff Voltage Law R/2 Voltage V divided by Current I The sum of all currents into a node is zero Name________________ AnswersConnect the Items on the Left With Those on the Right Section________ Date____________ KVL Resistance R • The parallel combination of two equal resistors R Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

  30. Where Will You See This Information Next? • V, I, R, Kirchoff’s Laws, Combining Resistors: ECSE-2010 Electric Circuits • Diode and Transistor Theory and Electronic Design: ECSE-2050 Analog Electronics, ECSE-2060 Digital Electronics and ECSE-2210 Microelectronics Technology • Logic Design: ECSE-2610 Computer Components and Operations • Signals and Black Box Models: ECSE-2410 Signals and Systems Intro to Engineering Electronics STOLEN FROM K. A. Connor

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