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Warm up #10

Warm up #10. 1. In what present day country did the religion of Islam form? SAUDI ARABIA Who is the founder of Islam? MUHAMMAD What is the religious celebration which includes fasting for people of the Islamic faith RAMADAN. Rise of Islam.

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Warm up #10

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  1. Warm up #10 • 1. In what present day country did the religion of Islam • form? • SAUDI ARABIA • Who is the founder of Islam? • MUHAMMAD • What is the religious celebration which includes fasting • for people of the Islamic faith • RAMADAN

  2. Rise of Islam

  3. Born in Mecca • He was troubled by all the • greed • At 40, heard a voice to become a • messenger of God. • His wife encouraged him to do • so and became his convert to • Islam “to submit to God” • People of Mecca were angered • and Muhammad out of fear • traveled to Medina in 622 • This journey is called the Hijra • People of Medina converted to • Islam and war broke out between • Mecca and Median • Muhammad won, united all Arabs • under Islam, but soon died in 632 Muhammad http://atheism.about.com/od/prophetmuhammadofislam/ig/Muhammad-Drawings-Pictures/Muhammad-Teaching-About-Islam.htm

  4. Teachings of Islam • Quran—Holy Book • Duties of Islam called • the Five Pillars of Islam • Shahada – • Declaration of faith • 2. Prayer- • At least 5 times/day • 3. Zakah- • Charity to the poor • 4. Sawm- • Fasting during • Ramadan • 5. Hajj- • Pilgrimage to Mecca

  5. Islam Rituals • Jihad- Struggle in God’s • service • Personal duty for Muslims • Sometimes interpreted as a • Holy War • Sharia- Body of laws which • interpret the Quran • Mosque- Holy building • Minaret- “lighthouse” provides • focal point for prayer Dubai-minaret http://www.public.iastate.edu/~cfford/fertile%20crescent.jpghttp://www.harrys-stuff.com/arab-gulf-dubai/dubai-images/dubai-minaret.jpg

  6. Early Challenges • Muhmmad dies in 632 CE • Who’s next???? • Abu Bakr—Muhammad’s • father-in-law becomes the • Caliph—successor to • Muhammad • The first 4 Caliphs expanded • Muslim territory • Conquered • Persians • Byzantines

  7. Factions of Islam • Abu Bakr dies in 634 CE • Ali, the 4th Caliph, Muhammad’s son-in-law, is assassinated in 661CE • Two factions emerge • Shiites • Believed that Ali and all successors should be descendants from Muhammad • Sunnis • Believe the successor should be a pious male from Muhammad’s tribe Schism in Islam http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/caliphate/abuBakr.html http://moneyjihad.wordpress.com/2012/07/03/abu-bakr-a-taxing-companion/

  8. Warm up 11 • Which Asian groups will adopt the religion of Islam? • 2. What is this building and why was it built?

  9. Umayyads • Sunni Dynasty forms • Umayyads rule the Muslim • world from 661-750 CE • Expansion of Islam • North Africa • Persia • Conquered Spain • Tried to conquer France, • but lost at Battle of Tours • Capital was Damascus • Conquered territories • Religious tolerance • Special tax for non-Muslims • Prohibited looting and • burning of cities

  10. Abbasids • Shiite Dynasty • Abbasids conquered the • Umayyads • Moved the capital to Baghdad • Ended military campaigns • Ended discrimination against • non-Muslims

  11. Foreign Invaders • Abbasids start to weaken in 850 CE • Smaller dynasties started to arise • Foreign invaders • Seljuk Turks • Adopted Islam as religion • 1050 controlled Baghdad • Fought the Crusades of • Pope Urban II • Mongolians • Adopted Islam as religion • 1258 looted Baghdad and • killed the last Abbasid • caliph • Tamerlane, Mongolian • leader invaded Russia, • India and SW Asia

  12. Muslims in India http://www.awildorchid.com/ind01096.JPG

  13. Advancing into India Muslim advances into India • Arab armies first arrived in 711 • and conquered the Indus Valley • In 1000 Muslim Turks push • farther into India and battle the • Hindu for control • The Delhi Sultanate was created • Delhi was the capital • Ruled Northern India 1206- • 1526 • Sikhism—religion which blended • Hinduism and Islam • Founded by Nanak • Would organize into an army • called the Sikhs http://www.storyofpakistan.com/images/p0206010101.jpg

  14. The Delhi Sultanate • Influence by the Persian Empire • art and architecture • Increase trade between India and • Muslim world • Foreign invaders led to the • downfall of the Sultanate • The Turk, Tamerlane, invaded • in 1398. Enslaved thousands • of Indians. http://www.historyforkids.org/learn/india/history/pictures/tamerlane.gif • The Sultanate finally broke into • smaller Hindu and Muslims • states. http://www.zum.de/whkmla/histatlas/centrasia/tamerlane1400.GIF

  15. Mughal India • Mongols and Turks invade • 1526 finally conquer Delhi Sultanate • New Muslim Dynasty Forms • Babur, self-claimed descendent of • Genghis Khan and Tamerlane • establishes the Mughal Dynasty http://www.indiasite.com/gifs/babur1.jpg http://newton.uor.edu/FacultyFolder/rebecca_brown/old/arth100/empire/Mughals/mughmap.gif

  16. Mughal India • The Mughal Dynasty • Ruled India 1526 to 1857. • The height of the empire was led by • Babur’s grandson, Akbar • Economic problems and revolts • ended the Maghul reign in 1857. • Taj Mahal was built • as a tomb for the wife • of a Caliph during the • Mughal Dynasty http://www.boloji.com/history/011.jpg

  17. Ottoman Empire • Mehmet II, captured Constantinople • and renamed it Istanbul, in 1453 • The Golden Age of the Ottoman • Empire • 1520-1566 under the sultan, or • ruler Suleiman “the Magnificent” • Ottoman Empire Declines • Suleiman dies in 1566 • By 1700’s European advances in • military technology and • commerce leave the Ottomans • behind http://www.npr.org/news/specials/mideast/the_west/ottoman-17century.jpg http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/sharemed/targets/images/pho/0005c/0005c05d.jpg

  18. Safavid Empire • Safavid Empire • Located in present day Iran, • between the Ottomans and • Mughal. • Frequent wars with the Ottomans, • who were Sunnis, while the • Safavids were Shiites • Shah (King) Abbas the Great, • revived the glory of the Persian • Empire • The empire faded when Shah • Abbas died. The Qajars Family • ruled it until 1925. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer _and_engraver.jpg/250px-Shah_Abbas_I_engraving_by_Dominicus_ Custos_-_Antwerp_artist_printer_and_engraver.jpg http://dcr.csusb.edu/dny/map8.jpg

  19. Warm up 12 • 1. What are the two main factions of Islam? • What is the holy buildings and text of Islam called? • What was the first Muslim Empire in India? • Who ruled the Ottoman Empire during their Golden • Age? • Who first ruled the Mughal Empire and who led it during • its height? Shiites and Sunnis Mosque and Quran Delhi Sultanate Suleiman the Magnificant Babur and Akbar

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