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A Short Guide to Grammar: Mastering Sentence Structure, Pronouns, and Mechanics

This guide provides a concise overview of essential grammar topics including sentence structure, proper use of pronouns, and important mechanics. It covers independent and dependent clauses, verb agreement, and clarity in pronoun reference. Learn how to avoid ambiguity and punctuation pitfalls with practical examples. Discover how to enhance your writing with techniques for combining sentences and using punctuation effectively. This resource is an excellent tool for students and professionals seeking to improve their grammar skills for clearer communication.

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A Short Guide to Grammar: Mastering Sentence Structure, Pronouns, and Mechanics

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  1. A Short Guide to Grammar Logan Brundage

  2. Overview • Sentence Structure • Use of pronouns • Mechanics • Resources

  3. Sentence Structure • Independent Clause • Subject and Predicate • Verb agreement • Dependent Clause • Is the clause essential or nonessential? • Set nonessential clauses apart with commas • Relative Clauses • Relative pronouns (that vs. which) • Adverb, adjective, and noun clauses • Modifies verb, noun, or serves as subject or direct object

  4. Pronouns • Pronoun-Antecedent Agreement • Or/Nor=plural • Replacing one • Neutral Gender • He or She • Make plural and use their • Rewrite without a pronoun • Each student walks himself or herself to class. • Each student walks to class.

  5. Pronouns Avoiding Ambiguity • Upgrade! • Ex. His car was the classiest on the block. It demanded the neighbors’ envy. • His car was the classiest on the block. The ’67 Chevy demanded the neighbors’ envy. • Partnership brings productivity! • Ex. This is unacceptable. • This behavior is unacceptable. • Consolidation! • Ex. I just bought a new house. It is on Walnut Street. • I just bought a new house on Walnut Street.

  6. Mechanics • Dashes (–) function as a super-comma to add parenthetical elements or set off lists in informal writing • Addition contains internal punctuation • Hyphens (-) • Create compound word modifiers before nouns • Well-known • Prefixes with capitalization • non-English, A-frame • Numbers

  7. More Mechanics • Colon….more than just the eyes of a smiley : ) • Used before lists or information that is preceded by independent clauses • Reader has a sense of what will follow the colon • “Think of the colon as a gate, inviting one to go on:” • The following members were present: the president, the secretary, and the treasurer. • We’ve only got two options: stay or leave. • Semi-colon • Aid in monster lists where commas alone would get confusing • Separate two independent clauses that are related • We visited Paris, France; London, England; Glasgow, Scotland; and Dublin, Ireland. • He never sleeps through the night; he has RLS.

  8. Resources Pronouns http://twp.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/pronouns.original.pdf Sentence Structure http://twp.duke.edu/uploads/media_items/frag-run-on.original.pdf Verb Tense https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/601/04/ Helpful Sites http://www.english-grammar-revolution.com/prepositional-phrases.html http://www.grammar-monster.com/ http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/index2.htm

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