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Understanding Electric Circuits: Voltage, Current, and Resistance

This guide explains the fundamental concepts of electric circuits, focusing on how a voltmeter measures potential difference (voltage) and an ammeter measures current. It introduces Ohm's Law, discovered by George Ohm, which relates voltage, current, and resistance with the formula V = IR. Additionally, it outlines problem-solving strategies involving equations, including identifying known and unknown values, writing relevant equations, and calculating solutions with proper units. An example illustrates how to compute resistance using the voltage and current values.

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Understanding Electric Circuits: Voltage, Current, and Resistance

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  1. Measuring moving charges

  2. Voltmeter • Measures potential difference (voltage), the energy of each charge • Connects to either side of a load

  3. Ammeter • Measures current, how many charges move past a point in a given time. • Connected into a circuit between two parts

  4. Ohm’s Law • George Ohm discovered a relationship between voltage and current. • If you increase the voltage to a load, current will increase • If you keep same voltage but increase the load, current will decrease

  5. Ohm’s Law • The equation for this relationship is: V = IR Where: V - voltage (measured in volts, V) I - current (measured in amps, A) R - resistance (measured in ohms, Ω)

  6. Solving Science Problems Involving Equations • Given : record all given quantities • Unknown : identify what value you are looking for. • Equation : write the equation you are going to use. • Solution : Substitute values into the equation and calculate the answer (include the correct units). • Statement : write an answer statement in sentence form.

  7. Example: • The current required to operate an electric can opener is 1.5A. What is the resistance of the can opener if the voltage supplied is 120V? Given:Equation:Solution : Unknown: Statement : 120 V = R 1.5 A V=120V V=IR I=1.5A V=IR I I 80Ω= R R=? V=R I Therefore the resistance of the can opener is 80 Ω.

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