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Commercializing Nanotechnology: Case Study on Carbon Nanotubes

Commercializing Nanotechnology: Case Study on Carbon Nanotubes. Brian Lim, CEO March 18, 2005. Agenda. Background Promising Properties of CNT Potential Products & Contenders Challenges Developments Q&A. Physics. Engineering . Chemistry. Biology. nano. What is nanotech?.

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Commercializing Nanotechnology: Case Study on Carbon Nanotubes

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  1. Commercializing Nanotechnology: Case Study on Carbon Nanotubes Brian Lim, CEO March 18, 2005

  2. Agenda • Background • Promising Properties of CNT • Potential Products & Contenders • Challenges • Developments • Q&A

  3. Physics Engineering Chemistry Biology nano What is nanotech? • NSF definition • Scientists • Press

  4. Why nanotech? • Leader of a new economy • NSF predicts over $ Trillion worth of nanotech enabled products in 10 years! Assembly Line–USA Telecom –USA Si Semiconductors–USA Personal Computers – USA Internet, eCommerce–USA Nanotech – USA or … ?

  5. Achieving Nano-scale • Top Down • Incremental reduction in feature size • Reduced line widths, gate thickness, … • Known processes & integration techniques • Bottom Up • Direct synthesis or fabrication • Molecular electronics, self assembly • Superior Performance such as quantum effects

  6. Nanotech Products • Materials • Cosmetics • Composites • Quantum dots • Devices • Sensors • Logic & memory • Unforeseen! Carbon Nanotube Bicycle Handlebar, Easton Sports Titanium Dioxide Sunscreen, Banana Boat – Quantum Dots, QDC Gecko Tape, University of Manchester, UK – Nanotex Clothing

  7. Carbon Nanotube Case Study

  8. Allotropes of Carbon

  9. 500 nm Discovery of CNT • 1991 Multi-walled nanotubes by arc discharge • - S. Iijima <NEC> • 1993 Single-walled nanotubes • - S. Iijima and Bethune <NEC & IBM > • 1995 Laser vaporization synthesis of SWNTs • - R. Smalley <Rice> • 1998 CVD synthesis of SWNTs • - H. Dai <Stanford>

  10. Carbon Nanotube Properties • Electrical • More conductive than copper • Semiconducting to metallic • 1B A/cm2 • Mechanical • Strongest known material • 150 times stronger than steel • Thermal • 40 times more conductive than aluminum

  11. Chirality Metallic Semiconducting P. Collins, Scientific American 2000

  12. Mechanical Advantages

  13. Resilient • Strong molecular bonds • Flexible • Large elastic deformation range • Sustains large strains (40%) w/o signs of fracture • Full recovery from bending beyond 120o • Buckling Mechanism

  14. Thermal Properties

  15. Easton Sports Lithium Ion Batteries AFM Probes CNT Products on Shelf

  16. Memory Nantero Transistors IBM Infineon Displays Samsung NEC Sensors GE Nanomix Molecular Nanosystems Fuel Cells Sharp Mitsubishi Products In Development

  17. Road Blocks • Chirality • Contact Losses • Defects • Contamination • Length • Location

  18. Process Improvements • Advantages of CVD • Location Control • Scalable • Lower Defects • Lower Contamination • Lower Contact Losses Li et al., J. Phys. Chemistry B 105, 11424 (2001) Laser Ablation Chemical Vapor Deposition Arc Discharge

  19. 1 μm Control of SWNT Diameter Li et al., J. Phys. Chemistry B105, 11424 (2001) Dai Lab, Stanford University An et al., J. Amer. Chemical Soc. (2002) Liu Lab, Duke University

  20. 200 µm Ultra Long & Directed Growth 150 µm Zhang et al., Applied Physics Letters 79, 3155 (2001) Huang et al., J. Amer. Chemical Soc. 125, 5636 (2003) Kim et al., Nano Letters 2, 703 (2002)

  21. Nanotube Arrays S. Fan, M.G. Chapline, N.R. Franklin, T.W. Tombler, A.M. Cassell and H. Dai, Science283, 512 (1999) Hata et al., Science306, 1362 (2004)

  22. p-SWNT ZrO2 Top gate S D D S SiO2 Si Transistor Development On state current: 7000 µA/µm (Si ~ 200-650) Carrier mobility (p): 3000 cm2/V·s (Si ~ 450) Transconductance: 3000 S/m (Si ~ 800) Subthreshold swing: 70 mv/decade (60 lower limit) Ballistic transport demonstrated Nanotube device, Tans et al. 1998 Advanced CNT device Dai Group at Stanford, Javey et al. 2002

  23. Field Emission Display CNT-FED by Samsung

  24. Other Improvements • High yield of SWNT • Lower synthesis temperature • Higher yield of semiconducting SWNT • Ballistic semiconductor transistors • CMOS integration process

  25. Conclusion • Commercialization of nanotechnology is real and making steady progress. • Interdisciplinary, “out of box” thinking is necessary to solve difficult road blocks. • New products will change the world!

  26. Questions? Brian Lim Atomate Corporation brian.lim@atomate.com (805) 963-1779 List of technical references: http://www.atomate.com/technology/specs.php

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