Lifestyle Diseases

1. Unit One (3) Lifestyle Diseases Also called “non-communicable diseases”

2. 5 Leading Lifestyle Illnesses: 1. Heart Disease 2. Cancer 3. (Respiratory Diseases) 4. Stroke 5. Diabetes Notes will be taken over the bulleted conditions.

3. Heart Disease

4. Blood, low in Oxygen, returns to the heart by way of veins and enters the right atrium through the Superior or Inferior Vena Cava. With one contraction, The blood that has filled the ventricle is pushed down into the right ventricle. With another Contraction, the blood in the right ventricle is pushed through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. Animation 4 Chambers: 2 upper Atria 2 Lower Ventricles Anatomy of the heart Blood, high in oxygen, returns to the heart from the lungs and enters the left atrium. From there, it’s pumped to the left ventricle. When the ventricle contracts, it forces the fresh supply of blood into the aorta to be circulated through the body. In the lungs, carbon dioxide will be dropped off and fresh oxygen will be Picked up.

5. The most common form of heart disease is Coronary Artery Disease (CAD).

6. Coronary Arteries Arteries that supply the heart muscle (myocardium) with oxygen-rich blood.

7. CADCoronary Artery Disease Animation

8. CAD can cause: Angina (left shoulder/chest pain) - A warning sign of coronary artery blockage, atherosclerosis. Heart Attack (Myocardial infarction) - Blood supply has stopped in one or more of the coronary arteries. Heart muscle damage occurs.

9. Congestive Heart FailureThe mycardium (heart muscle) weakens and can not push blood out of the heart effectively. Besides CAD, another form of heart disease is:

10. Congestive Heart Failure

11. A Concern for Young Athletes Sudden Cardiac Death Also called Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, - What happens? This genetic condition causes the heart muscle thicken and loses its ability to sustain a regular rhythm. - Athletes should have their heart screened during their yearly physical exam. - It’s normal for athletes who are out of shape to have symptoms of a racing heart, shortness of break, or unusual fatigue during workouts. But, athletes who find these symptoms to be regular or unusual should be evaluated by a___________________________. According to the CDC, About 70 young athletes in the United States die each year from Sudden Cardiac Death. Video about Ben Breedlove and his Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

12. Which of the 3 risk factors for lifestyle-related diseases are most associated with causing heart disease?

13. CancerWhat is Cancer?

14. Cancer Cancer defined: “Uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells that have the ability to migrate from the original site and spread to distant sites.” There are over 100 different types of cancer.

15. Metastasis: The spread of cancer cells from the original tumor to other tissues of the body. Malignant: A tumor that is cancerous. It will metastasize. Benign: A tumor that remains in one place and does not consist of malignant cells.

17. Common Cancers

18. Lung cancer is the most common cancer killer in the U.S. among both men and women. Animation

19. Breast Cancer

20. Leukemia Cancer of white blood cells

21. Blood has four parts: Plasma: the liquid part Red Blood Cells: they carry oxygen *White Blood Cells: they fight infection Platelets: cause blood to clot *White blood cells Withdraw blood centrifuge Plasma (55% of whole blood) White blood cells and platelets (<1% of whole blood) Red blood cells (45% of whole blood) Red blood cells platelets

22. Leukemia occurs when any of the white blood cell types become mutated and begin dividing out of control to crowd out healthy cells and invade other Organs. It is one of the most common cancers found in children.

23. Prostate CancerMost commonly occurring cancer in men, although not the most deadly.

24. Oral Cancer Any cancer that occurs on the lips, gums, tongue, roof, or inner cheek of the mouth. Tobacco is the prime risk factor: Chewing Tobacco Dip Cigarettes Pipes Cigars

28. Prevention of Cancer 1. Avoid the known risk factors such as excessive exposure to the sun and carcinogens. 2. The key to surviving cancer is early diagnosis and treatment. 3. Once cancer has a chance to metastasize, it’s much more difficult to treat.

29. Stroke

30. Stroke Brain damage caused by a loss of blood circulation. The blockage usually occurs when a clot or (less often) piece of plaque breaks away from an artery elsewhere in the body and lodges within a blood vessel of the brain.

31. Stroke Animation

32. Warning Signs of a Stroke Act FaceAarmsSpeechTime Animation

33. A stroke is often called a “brain attack” and the risk factors are the same as for heart attack.Heredity + Lifestyle Choices(family history)(tobacco, poor diet, lack of exercise)*Women are at an increased for cardiovascular disease, such as heart attack or stroke, if they are a smoker and use hormone-based birth control such as birth control pills, vaginal ring, patch, or injections.

34. DiabetesWhat is Diabetes?

35. Diabetes Characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from defects in insulin production, insulin action, or both.

36. Glucose Most of the food we eat will end up as glucose in our bloodstream. Another term for glucose is “blood sugar”. Glucose is the body’s main energy supply to fuel bodily processes.

37. Insulin Too much glucose in the bloodstream at once can be fatal. This is where insulin comes into play.... Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas responsible for transporting glucose out of the bloodstream to be delivered to the body’s cells.

38. Pancreas Besides secreting pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes, the pancreas produces several important hormones, including insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin).

39. Type1 Diabetes Insulin dependent An autoimmune disease The person’s immune system destroys the cells of the pancreas (beta cells) responsible for creating insulin.

40. With Type 1 Diabetes, the person must put Insulin into his body since the beta cells are unable to produce and release insulin. Injection Pump

41. Type2 Diabetes Non-insulin dependent Most Common Type of Diabetes In type 2 diabetes, either the body does not produce enough insulin or the cells ignore the insulin. Obesity is the prime risk factor for Type 2 Diabetes Can often be treated through diet and exercise.