16.5 The Tide of War Turns

1. 16.5 The Tide of War Turns By: Tommy Blackmore, Drew Bolisay, Josh Parney, Reynolds Boone, and Jack Sloyan

2. Drew Bolisay • Frustrated by McClellan’s lack of aggression, Lincoln replaced him with General Ambrose E. Burnside as leader of the Army of the Potomac • November 1862- Burnside launches a swift and decisive attack on Richmond by way of Fredericksburg with 120,000 troops against Confederate’s 78,000 • Burnside’s army experienced delays in crossing the Rappahannock River • Ordered a retreat after suffering about 12,600 casualties (Confederates had 5,300) Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville • Burnside soon stepped down and Lincoln made General Joseph Hooker commander of the Army of the Potomac • April 1863- Hooker and army of about 138,000 men launch a frontal attack on Fredericksburg • Hesitated and had his flanking troops take a defensive position at Chancellorsville • The following day, Stonewall Jackson led an attack on Hooker’s flank while Lee commanded an assault on the Union front • Hooker retreated, but Stonewall Jackson was accidently shot by his own troops and died a few days later

3. https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=fredericksburg+and+chancellorsville&oq=fredericksburg+and+&gs_l=img.1.1.0l2j0i24l8.10799.15555.0.19620.19.14.0.0.0.0.1233.11249.4-2j3j5j4.14.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..16.3.2057.1uqObxwdZDw#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=20ajPZcNyDwmSM%253A%3BFugU8w_pHxQT5M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fimages%252Ffredricksburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fmrrt%252Ffieldtrip2009.html%3B600%3B418https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=fredericksburg+and+chancellorsville&oq=fredericksburg+and+&gs_l=img.1.1.0l2j0i24l8.10799.15555.0.19620.19.14.0.0.0.0.1233.11249.4-2j3j5j4.14.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..16.3.2057.1uqObxwdZDw#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=20ajPZcNyDwmSM%253A%3BFugU8w_pHxQT5M%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fimages%252Ffredricksburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.farmlib.org%252Fmrrt%252Ffieldtrip2009.html%3B600%3B418

4. First Day • General Lee had his troops in a small town called Gettysburg • Lee was unaware that Union soldiers where encamped near by, because his cavalry chief wasn’t doing his job • They met and started the Battle of Gettysburg, which was a key point in the war • The battle started July 1, 1863 • Confederate raiding parties and Union forces began fighting Reynolds Boone

5. Second Day • The battle was very devastating and it was filled with death • Went on all day • The Battle at Gettysburg was the bloodiest battle of the civil war • By the end of the day, the union still held a strong defensive position • This battle stopped General Lee’s troops from invading the north Reynolds Boone

6. https://www.google.com/search?q=gettysburg+battle&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=aYRzU_DWGo2oyATfiYHgBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=651#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=g8lddA3KukdoMM%253A%3Bl6vSWd7gVSjPOM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.files.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252Fgettysburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252F01%252Fgettysburg-what-happens-if-the-south-wins%252F%3B600%3B320https://www.google.com/search?q=gettysburg+battle&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ei=aYRzU_DWGo2oyATfiYHgBQ&sqi=2&ved=0CAYQ_AUoAQ&biw=1366&bih=651#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=g8lddA3KukdoMM%253A%3Bl6vSWd7gVSjPOM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.files.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252Fgettysburg.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcapitolbadgers.wordpress.com%252F2010%252F07%252F01%252Fgettysburg-what-happens-if-the-south-wins%252F%3B600%3B320

7. Pickett’s Charge Josh Parney http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=the+civil+war&FORM=HDRSC2#a

8. Pickett’s Charge • The Confederates assumed they had seriously damaged the Union artillery • In reality, however, the Confederate attack did little damage • Longstreet again tried to convince General Lee not to attack on the 3rd day of the battle • Lee thought that Union forces were damaged and ready to break • He planned to attack the center of the Union line on Cemetery Ridge • General Meade had only 5,750 troops to defend • The battle lasted little over an hour Josh Parney

9. https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybghttps://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybg

10. Battle Tactics • The task of charging fell into three divisions • General George Pickett commanded the largest squad • More than 15,000 men took part in Pickett’s Charge • The Union held their ground well, and reinforcements were added to the barrage on the rebels • The Confederates retreated, 7,500 of their men died in the battle Josh Parney

11. https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybghttps://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=pickett%27s+charge&oq=pickett%27s+&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.170.2822.0.4680.10.8.0.0.0.0.614.2297.1j2j2j1j0j2.8.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..5.5.1097.p7owsiwPybg

12. Aftermath of Gettysburg • 75,000 Confederate soldiers and 90,000 Union troops fought in the Battle of Gettysburg • The battle was a turning point in the war, the South would never attack the North again • Union victory at Gettysburg took place a day before Grant toke over Vicksburg • Victories made northerners believe that the war could be won • The victory helped end the South’s search for foreign influence • After the battle Great Britain and France refused to aid the Confederacy Josh Parney

13. The Gettysburg Address • On November 19, 1863, at the dedicating ceremony of the Gettysburg battlefield cemetery, President Lincoln delivered a speech called the Gettysburg Address • He praised the bravery of Union soldiers and renewed his commitment to win the civil war • The speech is one of the most famous ever given in American history • Lincoln renewed his dedication to winning the Civil War Josh Parney

14. Union Campaigns Cripple the Confederacy By: Drew Bolisay https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=union+campaigns+cripple+the+confederacy&oq=union+campaigns+cripple+the+confederacy&gs_l=img.3...1122.10261.0.10951.45.43.2.0.0.1.385.5056.24j8j8j2.42.0.chm_loc%2Chmss2%3Dfalse%2Chms2min%3D10%2Chms2max%3D10...0...1.1.43.img..29.16.1444._6uJOpTj9LU#facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=hj9GoPmCtfuN5M%253A%3BBHbKEq3vKQpLgM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fhistory%252Fhistory%252Fonline_books%252Fcivil_war_series%252F24%252Fimages%252Ffig77.jpg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.nps.gov%252Fhistory%252Fhistory%252Fonline_books%252Fcivil_war_series%252F24%252Fsec9.htm%3B500%3B344

15. Drew Bolisay Wilderness Campaign in the East • Lincoln had been impressed with General Ulysses S. Grant’s successes in capturing Vicksburg, so he transferred him to the East and gave him command of the Union Army • Union troops launched the Wilderness Campaign – a series of battles designed to capture the federate capital at Richmond, Virginia • The first battle was when Grant ordered General Meade to Spotsylvania, where the fighting raged for 5 days • Over the next month, Union soldiers moved the Confederate troops back toward Richmond • However, Grant experienced his worst defeat at the Battle of Cold Harbor in early June • In only a few hours, the Union army suffered about 7,000 casualties • This battle delayed Grant’s plans to take the Confederate capital

16. https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j3-1j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=ulysses+s+grant&tbm=isch&imgdii=_https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j3-1j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=ulysses+s+grant&tbm=isch&imgdii=_

17. Drew Bolisay Wilderness Campaign in the East Cont. • Union forces had suffered twice as many casualties as the Confederates had, yet Grant continued his strategy • He knew he would be getting additional soldiers, and Lee would not • Grant slowly but surely advanced his troops through Virginia • After Cold Harbor, General Grant moved south of Richmond • He had hoped to take control of the key railroad junction at Petersburg, Virginia • However, Lee’s army formed a solid defense, and Grant could not execute his attack • Grant was winning the war, but he still had not captured Richmond • Facing re-election, Lincoln was especially discouraged by this failure

18. https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j3-1j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=battle+of+cold+harbor&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=JEewMCqwxNJ7FM%253A%3BURxlBPkrQ7SPhM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdn.history.com%252Fsites%252F2%252F2013%252F11%252FBattle-of-Cold-Harbor-Hero-H.jpeg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.history.com%252Ftopics%252Famerican-civil-war%252Fbattles-of-cold-harbor%3B1389%3B454https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&site=imghp&tbm=isch&source=hp&biw=1366&bih=768&q=ulysses+s+grant&oq=Uly&gs_l=img.1.0.0l10.3502.4957.0.7795.3.3.0.0.0.0.442.872.1j3-1j1.3.0....0...1ac.1.43.img..1.2.506.9X0niL4Yu9Y#hl=en&q=battle+of+cold+harbor&tbm=isch&facrc=_&imgdii=_&imgrc=JEewMCqwxNJ7FM%253A%3BURxlBPkrQ7SPhM%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdn.history.com%252Fsites%252F2%252F2013%252F11%252FBattle-of-Cold-Harbor-Hero-H.jpeg%3Bhttp%253A%252F%252Fwww.history.com%252Ftopics%252Famerican-civil-war%252Fbattles-of-cold-harbor%3B1389%3B454

19. Sherman Strikes on the South Jack Sloyan http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/long_shadow.htm

20. Lincoln needed a victory because it would help him win re-election • William Tecumseh Sherman carried out a plan to destroy southern railroads and industries • Spring 1864 -- marched to Tennessee with 100,000 troops • Jack Sloyan

21. The goal was to remove an important railroad link in Atlanta • From May through August, Sherman’s army moved steadily through the Appalachian Mountains. • Jefferson Davis, the Confederate president, gave command of the confederate army to General John Hood Jack Sloyan

22. Hood repeatedly attacked Sherman’s army, but the Union was stronger • Confederate army retreated as the Union held Atlanta under siege • Most of Atlanta was lost to the Union on September 2, 1864 • The South lost an important railroad link and the their center of industry Jack Sloyan

23. This victory led Lincoln to get re-elected • Sherman did not wait long to attack again- his next goal was Savannah, Georgia • Went to Georgia with 60,000 men • Used total war to get to Georgia • Total war is destroying civilian and economic resources Jack Sloyan

24. Destroyed railways, bridges, crops, livestock, and other resources • They burned plantations and freed slaves • Sherman’s army reached Savannah on December 10, 1864 • Sherman believed that this march would speed the end of the war Jack Sloyan

25. Jack Sloyan http://www.ducksters.com/history/shermans_march_to_the_sea.php

26. The Union had a strong army and they established a good defense • The Confederates camped at Seminary Ridge • Both sides called for reinforcements and waited for the upcoming battle • Reynolds Boone • http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=civil+wargettysbug&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=AAC80822439CC3C6B63003E67B1A90214C2C4766&selectedIndex=9

27. The South Surrenders Tommy Blackmore https://www.tsl.texas.gov/exhibits/forever/freedom/page3.html

28. Fighting Ends • Lee’s forces completely surrounded and cut off from getting supplies • April 9, 1865: Union and Confederate troops meet at town of Appomattox Courthouse, Virginia, where Lee surrendered to Grant • Lee was assured that his troops would be fed and not tried for treason • Grant said, “The rebels are our countrymen again.” Tommy Blackmore

29. https://nobility.org/2012/10/15/social-revolution-after-civil-war/https://nobility.org/2012/10/15/social-revolution-after-civil-war/

30. Tommy Blackmore http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genInfo.php?locIndex=22878

31. Effects of the War • Almost 620,000 Americans died in the four-year war • (Legal) Slavery was ended in the south, although the majority of former slaves had no home or employment • The southern economy was horrible • Much of the hostility between the North and the South remained Tommy Blackmore

32. Tommy Blackmore • wmscivilwar139.edublogs.org

33. Video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJfh4HWuiGY

34. Bibliography • http://www.learnoutloud.com/Free-Audio-Video/History/-/Gettysburg-Address/16984 • http://my.hrw.com/tabnav/controller.jsp?isbn=0554003015 • http://people.cohums.ohio-state.edu/grimsley1/dialogue/long_shadow.htm