1. Urinary System Structures Urine produced by _______________________. Flows into the ____________________. Into the ___________________. Out of the body via the __________________.

2. Urinary System Day 1

4. Kidney Video

5. Kidney Location and Size

7. Anatomy of the Kidney • Renal cortex • Renal medulla • pyramids • columns • Calyces • Renal pelvis becomes ureter

8. 180 L of filtrate per day!

9. The Nephron • Functional units of kidney • 3 parts • Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule • Renal tubule • Proximal convoluted tubule • Loop of Henle • Distal convoluted tubule • Collecting duct • Peritubular capillary bed

12. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Day 2 Urine Formation and Storage

13. Urine Formation

14. Urine Formation 1. Filtration water and solutes from capillary to Bowman’s capsule 2. Reabsorption water and solutes move from tubule to capillary 3. Secretion wastes in capillary pushed into tubule

15. Filtration • Smaller than 3 nm pushed out of blood • Hydrostatic pressure • Pushes fluid out • Osmotic pressure • Pulls fluid in (osmosis) • Pressure controls • Constriction of arterioles

16. Reabsorption • Sodium • actively pumped out • These follow… • glucose, amino acids, ions, vitamins • Osmotic pressure • water follows

17. Reabsorption

18. Secretion • Active transport into lumen of tubes • Remaining wastes • Ions to keep blood pH at 7.4 • hydrogen ions (acidic) • bicarbonate ions (basic)

19. The Renal Medulla • nephron loop • descending loop • reabsorb water • ascending loop • reabsorb sodium

20. Hormonal Regulation of Urine Volume and Composition • Aldosterone and ADH • Decrease urine volume • Atrial natriuretic peptide • Stretching of atria causes release • Increases urine volume

21. Urine Storage

22. Chapter 14: The Urinary System Lesson 14.3 Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System

23. Diseases and Disorders of the Urinary System • assessing renal function • diabetes • chronic kidney disease • renal dialysis • kidney stones • urinary tract infections

24. Assessing Renal Function • physical characteristics of urine • pH range 4.5–8.0 • chemical composition of urine • 95% water, 5% waste • glomerular filtration rate • estimate with creatinine concentration in blood

25. Diabetes • diabetes mellitus • glucose in urine • type I, type II • diabetes insipidus • large amount of dilute urine • ADH not made or not used

26. Normal Blood Glucose and Blood Insulin Levels • carbohydrate digestion leads to an increase in blood glucose level • increase in blood glucose level causes the pancreas to secrete insulin • increase in blood insulin level causes • liver glucose uptake • liver conversion of glucose to glycogen • skeletal muscle glucose uptake • skeletal muscle conversion of glucose to glycogen

27. Chronic Kidney Disease • kidney damage • glomerular filtration rate less than 60 ml/min for at least 3 months • develops slowly