1. Review: Test 2

2. The rate limiting step of a nerve transmission is • Electrical synapse • Action potential • Chemical synapse • Resting potential Chemical synapse : diffusion of neurotransmitter Slower than the action potential. Unit 2A: synapses

3. Which neurotransmitter causes hyperpolarization? • Acetylcholine • Norepinephrine • Glutamic acid • GABA GABA – acts as an inhibitory neurotransmitter causing hyperpolarization. Unit 2A: neurotransmitters

4. All reflexes involve only an afferent and efferent neuron • True • False False – reflexes involve an afferent neuron, efferent and a interneurons that process in the sensory information received by afferent neuron and send a response through the efferent neuron.

5. Match the following Cerebral Lobe Function Visual perception and memory; focusing of the eyes Motor control; intellectual processes Memory, sensory pain, visceral integration Interpretation of auditory sensations; auditory memory. Somatesthetic sensations • Frontal • Parietal • Occipital • Insula • Temporal 1: b 2: e 3: a 4:c 5: d

6. The reticular activation system (RAS) when inhibited makes you _____ • Alert • Sleep • Concentrate • Wakeful b) Sleep Unit 2B: Functional System of Brain

7. The process of linking new facts with old ones already stored in the memory bank is called: • Automatic memory • Long term memory • Short term memory • Association Answer: Association Review 2B:Memory and transfer from STM to LTM

8. The __________ controls the autonomic nervous system as well as releases tropical hormones to control the endocrine system • Midbrain • Pituitary gland • Hypothalamus • Limbic system Hypothalamus – osmoreceptors, thermostats Review: Unit 2B Functional Systems of brain

9. The autonomic nervous system has motor neurons innervating • Skeletal muscles • Viscera and glands • Myelinated axons • Effectors neurons Answer: Viscera and glands Review: Unit 2C : ANS vs. SNS

10. In the autonomic nervous system, norepinephrine is released by • Parasympathetic preganglionic neurons • Sympathetic preganglionic neurons • Sympathetic postganglionic neurons • Both a and b Answer: Sympathetic postganglionic neurons Release norepinephrine; the rest release acetylcholine Review: 2C: neurotransmitters released

11. Nicotinic receptors have an excitatory effect. They bind to the neurotransmitter ___________ and are found in ________________ • Norepinephrine, preganglionic dendrites • Norepinephrine, postganglionic dendrites • Acetylcholine, postganglionic dendrites • Alpha receptors, postganglionic dendrites Answer: Acetylcholine – postganglionic dendrites Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors

12. Alpha1 receptors respond to ____________ and increases sweating palms. • GABA • Norepinephrine • Acetylcholine • Glycine Answer: Norepinephrine Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors

13. Lying invokes a sympathetic response causing pupils to __________ as mediated by ____ and ____ receptors. • Constrict, nicotinic and alpha • Constrict, alpha1 and beta2 • Dilate, nicotinic and muscarinic • Dilate, alpha1 and beta2 Answer: Dilate, alpha1 and beta2 Review: 2C – neurotransmitter receptors

14. Acetylcholine is not released by the postganglionic sympathetic nervous system. • True • False True – norepinephrine is released by the postganglionic nervous system. Review: 2C - neurotransmitters released

15. Which sensory receptor in the cochlea perceives air pressure changes? • Photoreceptor • Nociceptors • Chemoreceptor • Mechanoreceptor Answer: Mechanoreceptor Review: 2D – Senses receptor

16. Which is not detected by mechanoreceptor? • Pressure changes • Taste • Touch • Vibration Answer: Taste – detected by chemoreceptor Review: 2D Senses – types receptors

17. Which skin receptor can detect the texture of fine sand? • Meissner corpuscles • Ruffinni endings • Merkel’s disk • Pacinian corpuscles Answer: Meissner corpuscles – detect texture and vibration Review: 2D – Cutaneous Sensations

18. Saccular hair cells respond to ___________ movement and are found near the ____________ • Horizontal, semicircular canals • Horizontal, cochlea • Vertical, cochlea • Vertical, semicircular canals Answer: vertical, cochlea Review: 2D - Equilibrium

19. The oval window is directly to which area in the cochlea? • Scala tympani • Scalavestibuli • Scala media • Organ of Cort Answer: Scalavestibuli Review: 2D – Cochlea structure

20. Center of focus is found in the ____________. • Cornea • Bipolar cell layer • Lens • Macula lutea Answer: Macula Lutea – where cones are found Review: 2D – Cones and Rods

21. If someone is myopic, their focal point _____________ of the retina and need ____________lens. • Back, convex • Back, concave • Front, concave • Front, convex Answer: Front, concave Review: 2D - Problems of Refraction

22. Neurotransmitter is released from rods and cones in the dark. • True • False Answer: True Review: 2D Dark current of the eye

23. Which sense perception doesn’t involve the thalamus • Taste • Hearing • Balance • Smell Answer: Smell Review: notes - processes

24. In order to make an effect this type of hormone must enter the cell directly • Paracrine • Autocrine • Steroids • Biogenic Amides Answer: Steroids Review: Unit 2E – Chemical Classes of Hormones

25. Biogenic amides hormones exert their effects on the target cell via • Transduction response • Chemical synapse • Second messenger response • Translation response Answer: Second messenger Review: Unit 2E – Chemical Classes of Hormones

26. Insulin is released as a response to an increase in blood sugar levels. This is an example of • Hormonal stimuli • Neural stimuli • Humoral stimuli • Digestion stimuli Answer: Humoral stimuli Review: 2E – Types of hormonal stimuli

27. Which is NOT a tropic hormone? • Growth hormone • Aldosterone • Luthenizing hormone • Prolactin Answer: Prolactin Review: 2E – Anterior Pituitary hormones

28. Calcitonin and parathyroid hormone both control the level of calcium in the blood. ___________ promotes calcium withdrawals; ___________promotes bone mineralization • Calcitrol, calcitonin • Calcitonin, parathyroid • Parathyroid, calcitrol • Parathyroid, calcitonin. Answer: Parathyroid, calcitonin Review: Thryorid and parathyroid gland

29. Match the following zones to the matching corticoids • Zonaglomerulosa • Zonafasciculata • Zonareticularis • glucocorticoids • gonadocorticoids • mineralocorticoids Answers: 1. C 2. A 3. B Review: Adrenal Cortex

30. Cushing syndrome and Addison’s disease results due to an imbalance in the hormone • Testosterone • Thyroid • Cortisol • Glucagon Answer: Cortisol Review: 2E – Hormones and Conditions