Asian Imperialism

1. Asian Imperialism How Western Nations Forced Change

2. Why did European Nations Imperialize Asia and Africa? • Industrialization • Militarism • Nationalism • Capitalism • Marxist Theory – Capitalists need to expand at all times. • Racism • Social Darwinism / White Burden • Missionaries • Out of Room in Europe – there is no place for expansion here

3. Britain’s Spheres of Influence • Sphere of Influence: • Area in which an outside power claims exclusive trading and governing privileges • Britain attempted to create a “sphere of influence” in many places as possible • More land = More Power = More Wealth

4. India – The Crown Jewel of the British Empire • 1700’s – Mughal Empire • 1600’s – 1700’s – British East India Company • By the early 1800’s in fighting gave the British a chance to step in • 1857 – Sepoy Rebellion – Cartridges of weapons dipped in beef and pork fat – Sepoy Soldiers • 1858 – 1945 – The Raj – Oppressive time

5. The Sepoy Rebellion

7. The Raj • Queen Victoria known as Empress of India • Takes government power away from private companies and directly regulate them. • Oppressive – had to buy British goods and sell to British merchants. • Faced famine in 1876 and 1900 – estimates put the death at 10 million or more.

8. Indian Nationalism • 1880’s – Indian National Congress – Hindu’s • 1906 – Muslim League • 1914 – WWI • 1919 – Amritsar Massacre • Gandhi and Satygraha

9. Gandhi – Nationalist Hero • 1890’s – South Africa • Satygraha • Swadeshi – Boycott Policy • Homespun • 1930 – Salt March • After WWII – 1946 given independence • Partition of India • Assasination – Jan. 1948

10. China – The Great Carving

11. Spheres of Influence • 1644-1912 – Qing Dynasty – started off isolated • By 1800’s Britain decided to get involve • 1832-1842 – Opium War • Treaty of Nanking – Extraterritoriality • Open Door Policy – US • 1900 – Righteous Harmonious Fist – The Boxer Rebellion • 1911 – Sun Yixian

12. Japan • Commodore Matthew Perry – Invasion of Tokyo Harbor • Forces the change to Emperor Meiji and centralization of power. • Japan modernizes, industrializes, westernizes and imperializes themselves. • Sino-Japanese war - 1894 • Russo-Japanese War – 1904 • Washington Naval Conference - 1921

13. Commodore Matthew Perry - 1852

14. Emperor Meiji – First Emperor to be more powerful than Shogun

15. Japanese Zaibatsu’s – Companies supported by the government.

16. Sino-Japanese War – Korea and Manchuria ceded to Japan.

17. Washington DC Naval Conference – 9 Powers Treaty

18. 1900-1916 – Most of the Middle East in Ottoman Emp. 1916-1918 – Arab Revolt – pushed by Brits and French 1919 – Sykes-Picot Treaty – Divided between Britain and France 1920-1923 – British and French randomly draw lines between countries – including Iraq. – T.E. Lawrence The Middle East

19. T. E. Lawrence

20. Ali of Hajez – Leader of the Arab Revolt

21. Conflicting Promises • The British had promised the holy land to three different groups • TH Lawrence – Independent Arab State • Hussein-McMahon Correspondence – Land to Hashemite • Balfour Declaration – British promised homeland to Israel. • Zionism an influence

22. The Modern Arab World