U11: Energy Flow

1. U11: Energy Flow ECDCICA

2. What’s for Lunch? • Black Bear • Raccoon

3. What’s for Lunch? • Ruffed Grouse • Hawk

4. Trophic Level • Ecosystems are structured by who eats whom. A trophic levelis the position that an organism occupies in a food chain- what it eats and what eats it. Every organism belongs to at least one feeding level or tropic level.

5. Energy Pyramid • A graphical representation to show the relationship between energy and the trophic levels of a given system is an Energy Pyramid.

6. Law of Thermodynamics • As chemical energy flows through an ecosystem heat energy is lost at each trophic level. Only 10% of the chemical energy transfers and 90% is lost as heat energy. • This heat energy loss is displayed in the Energy Pyramid.

7. Law of Thermodynamics

8. Law of Thermodynamics

9. Trophic Level • Producers make their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis • Examples: grass, fern, cactus, flowering plant, tree, algae, some bacteria

10. Trophic Level • Consumers get their energy by eating producers or other consumers. • Examples: mouse, starfish, turtle, paramecium, sponge, ant, human

11. Trophic Level • Decomposers break down dead organisms in an ecosystem and return the nutrients to soil, water and air. Converts bond energy from dead and decaying organisms into heat. Examples: fungus, bacteria

12. What can make their own food? Producers! Autotroph auto means self trophmeans nourish • An organism that produces, or makes their own food. Autotrophs are also called producers.

13. Cannot make their own food • Heterotroph hetero means other trophmeans nourish • An organism that obtains its energy by the consumption of or decaying of other organisms. • Heterotrophs are also called consumers (consumption) or decomposers (decaying).

14. Types of organismsA. Consumers in an ecosystem • Primary Consumer – The first consumer in a food chain/ food web and consumes a producer. • Herbivores or plant eater

15. Secondary Consumer – The second consumer in a food chain/food web.

16. Tertiary Consumer – The third consumer in a food chain/food web.

17. What it eats – niche in the food web • Herbivore – An organism that eats plants, nuts, berries ie. rabbit, deer • Omnivore – An organism that eats plants and animals ie. black bear, human • Carnivore – An organism that eats animals ie. wolf, hawk, whale • Scavenger – An organism that feeds off of dead animals that they did not hunt or kill themselves. ie. vulture

18. Where are the Omnivores?

19. Predator vs Prey • Predator – An organism that feeds on what it hunts and kills ie. coyote • Prey – An organism that is hunted and killed for food ie: mouse • Is a producer prey? ______ • Can an organism be both prey and predator? ___

20. Food Chain – A pathway in which energy flows through an ecosystem.

22. Food Web – All possible pathways in which energy flows through an ecosystem.

23. Energy flow… how it begins • Photosynthesis – Conversion of sun’s energy to chemical energy (food). Performed by producers. 6CO2 + 12H2O + Sunlight energy  C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H20 (C6H12O6 = glucose, food energy, chemical energy, potential energy - in bonds) 

24. Cellular Respiration – Process by which chemical energy (food) is converted to usable energy. Performed by producers, consumers and decomposers! • C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 2ATP  6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP (usable energy for cells)

25. ________________________

26. _________________________

27. _________________ Water is released

28. ___________________________ 2 ATP

29. Energy Flow

30. Energy in a Pond Circle the Autotrophs and draw a rectangle around the Heterotrophs Draw an arrow to all organisms that would be an energy source for decomposers Label PH – for all organisms that perform Photosynthesis Label CR – for all organisms that perform Cellular Respiration Label 1E – for the primary energy source in this ecosystem Label 1C - primary consumers, Label 2C – secondary consumers & Label 3C- tertiary consumers List abiotic factors in pond __________________________________________________

31. Energy Flow - Label in the diagram: chemical energy transfer (10%) or heat energy loss (90%)