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Revolutionary War 1775-1783 Part I

Revolutionary War 1775-1783 Part I. Recap. 1 st Continental Congress Sep-Oct 1774 Petitioned King and Parliament Organized boycotts 2 nd Continental Congress Met from May 1775-1781 June, 1775 approve of a Continental Army July, 1775 Olive Branch Petition July 2, 1776 Independence

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Revolutionary War 1775-1783 Part I

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  1. Revolutionary War1775-1783Part I

  2. Recap 1st Continental Congress Sep-Oct 1774 Petitioned King and Parliament Organized boycotts 2nd Continental Congress Met from May 1775-1781 June, 1775 approve of a Continental Army July, 1775 Olive Branch Petition July 2, 1776 Independence July 4, 1776 Declaration of Independence

  3. Siege of Boston After L&C in April, 1775, ~20,000 armed Patriots surround Boston 6,000 British soldiers contained May, 1775, Vermont Militia captures Fort Ticonderoga Provide Patriots with cannons/supplies

  4. Bunker Hill (June, 1775) Americans occupied two hills north of Boston (Bunker/Breed’s Hills) British took the strategic high ground, but at a huge loss British casualties - 1,100 Patriot casualties - 400 January, cannons from Ticonderoga arrive in Boston British abandon Boston in March, 1776

  5. British Weaknesses American Weaknesses • Citizens resented paying taxes to support the war • Hostile territory, fought far from home • Lacked well-supplied, stable army • Continental Congress lacked power to force states to provide troops, supplies, and $$$ • Militia fighters would often go home

  6. British Strengths American Strengths • Well equipped, disciplined, trained army • Powerful Navy to support/transport troops and protect supply lines • Support in colonies from Loyalists/Tories, Slaves, and Indians • Fighting in their own “backyard” • Many officers familiar with tactics from F&I War • More African Americans fought for the Patriot cause than the British

  7. British also hired about 30,000 mercenaries Referred to as “Hessians” American Propaganda promised them land Up to 5,000 stayed on in America after the war ended

  8. Battle of Long Island Summer of 1776, British and German troops under General William Howe land on Long Island ~30,000 British/Hessians vs. 10,000 Americans G.W. and troops are defeated outright, retreat to Manhattan, N.J, and then Pennsylvania Washington receives praise: although he is defeated, most of his troops are evacuated safely

  9. British drive Washington’s troops out of N.Y.C. and into Pennsylvania Nathan Hale is captured and is said to have declared: “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country.” Not all troops feel that way! By winter of 1776, many troops deserted, collapse likely

  10. Desperate Times Christmas night, 1776, Washington’s troops ferry across ice-choked Delaware River Battle of Trenton Nearly entire Hessian force was captured Along with victory at Princeton the next month, victory boosts American morale and convinced many that the Patriots could win

  11. Washington Crossing the Delaware

  12. Grand Union Flag

  13. Battle of Saratoga June, 1777, General John Burgoyne led British troops from Canada into northern New York Attempt to cut off New England from other colonies In September, Americans won series of critical victories around Saratoga, N.Y. By October, Burgoyne surrendered TURNING POINT OF WAR

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