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Weather forecasting

Weather forecasting . By: Skye Brooks, Elizabeth Brooks, Michaela Chen and Vincent Margiotta . Early weather Instruments . Thermometer- an instrument that measures and indicates temperature Barometer- an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure

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Weather forecasting

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  1. Weather forecasting By: Skye Brooks, Elizabeth Brooks, Michaela Chen and Vincent Margiotta

  2. Early weather Instruments • Thermometer- an instrument that measures and indicates temperature • Barometer- an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure • Anemometer- an instrument used to measure wind speed • Hygrometer- an instrument used to measure humidity • Rain Gauges- a device used to measure the amount of rain that falls in a location

  3. Modern Weather instruments • Doppler radar- a device used to track precipitation • Radar- a device that can be used to find the location, movement, and amount of precipitation. It also finds what form of precipitation • Weather satellites- a satellite that records cloud distribution and temperature to help in predicting weather patterns • Instrumented Balloons- balloons that carry electronic equipment that can measure different weather conditions in the upper atmosphere • Computer and Communication Systems- to interpret data and images

  4. Barometer • A barometer is an instrument designed to measure atmospheric pressure. This is important because knowing the air pressure can tell you how much wind there is. • It was invented by Evangelista Torricelli in 1644. • The first barometer was called the “Torricelli's Tube”. • There are two types of barometers 1.Aneroid barometer 2.Mercurial barometer

  5. Mercurial barometer • Mercurial Barometer were invented before Aneroid Barometer. • Mercurial barometers were long and the scales were measured in inches of mercury. • The inventor of the Mercurial Barometer Evangelista Torricelli

  6. Aneroid Barometer • The aneroid barometer was invented by the French scientist, Lucien Vidie, in 1843. • An aneroid barometer measures the variation in the atmospheric pressure. • The term aneroid means "with out fluid" or "with out liquid" because the metal was usually made out of phosphor bronze or beryllium copper • It is an elastic disk which changes size according to the pressure in the atmosphere

  7. Thermometers • There were many inventors who each invented a different version of the thermometer but SantorioSantorio, an Italian inventor. • Other inventors invented different versions of thermometers such as Galileo Galilei who invented a rudimentary water thermometer and Gabriel Fahrenheit who invented the first mercury thermometer • The first thermometers were called theroscopes

  8. Anemometer • In 1450 Leon Battista Alberti, an Italian art architect invented the first Anemometer. • The anemometer consisted of a disk that was placed perpendicular to the wind. It would then rotate with the force of the wind and the angle that the disk was at showed the amount of wind force. • There are two other types of anemometers the hemispherical cup anemometer and the sonic anemometer.

  9. Hemispherical cup Anemometer • The hemispherical cup anemometer was invented by John Thomas Romney Robinson in 1846 who was an Irish researcher • It consisted of four hemispherical cups which rotated horizontally with the wind while a combination of wheels recorded the number of revolutions at a given time.

  10. Sonic Anemometer • The sonic anemometer was invented in 1994 by Dr. Andreas Pflitsch, a geologist. • A sonic anemometer measures wind speed and direction by measuring how many sound waves are traveling between a pair of transducers. They are sped up or slowed down by the effect of the wind.

  11. Hygrometer • In the 1400s Leonardo da Vinci built the first hygrometer. In 1664 Francesco Folli invented a more practical hygrometer. • The best hygrometer is the dry and wet bulb hygrometer which consists of two thermometers one of which has a dry base the other with a wet base. The water from the wet base evaporates causing the reading to drop. Using both the wet and dry readings scientists are able to calculate the relative humidity.

  12. Rain Gauges • The first rain Gauge was made in Korea in 1441 A.D. during the reign of King Sejong the Great. • A rain gauge is made up of a funnel placed atop a measuring tube. This is done to get more precise readings.

  13. Radar • Before radar was invented there were radio waves. • In 1887 a physicist named Heinrich Hertz started experimenting with radio waves. • Thirty years later many scientists started researching the uses for radio waves • During World War II Germany, France, Great Britain, and the United States used Radar to communicate with ships and airplanes. It was here that people first realized that you could pick up precipitation on radars.

  14. Doppler Radar • The Doppler Radar was named after Christian Andreas Doppler who was an Australian physicist. • Doppler observed that the frequency of light and sound waves was affected by the relative motion of the source and the detector this became known as the Doppler effect. • The Doppler radar uses sound waves and light waves to detect things relating to the weather

  15. Weather Satellites • In 1947 a rocket was sent into space. Attached to it was a video camera that showed pictures of the atmosphere and the clouds. This was proof that weather satellites could be used to for weather forecasts from space. • In 1960 the first weather satellite was launched into orbit around planet Earth. • In 1966 the United States placed its first satellite in high geostationary orbit which allowed it to take pictures of an entire hemisphere at once.

  16. Instrumented Balloons • Instrumented balloons are balloons that are attached to electronic equipment that measure the earths atmosphere. • Weather balloons are also sent to other planets to collect data about their atmospheres.

  17. Computer and Communication Systems • Computer and communication systems are used to do many things in weather forecasting such as: • Interpreting data and images • Making predictions and forecasts • Converting raw data into maps and three dimensional models • Communicating the processed information to the mass media • Processing and model atmospheric processes

  18. Mnemonic Device Big Bad RoachesSeem WimpyAnd Thin a aaainh r l d t n o e o l a t dm r m ore o m e o l s m o t n ioe m e s t c te r e k e t re r

  19. Bibliography • http://inventors.about.com/od/tstartinventors/a/Barometer.htm • http://www.capitalyachtclub.net/barometer.html • http://www.ussartf.org/predicting_weather.htm • http://www.scienceclarified.com/As-Bi/Barometer.html • http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blthermometer.htm • http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blhygrometer.htm • http://inventors.about.com/od/astartinventions/a/Anemometer.htm • http://www.storesonline.com/site/453784/page/74847 • http://www.fi.edu/weather/radar/history.html • http://www.fi.edu/weather/satellite/history.html

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