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Biodiversity

Biodiversity. The number of different species that live within an ecosystem . Biomass. The mass of living biological organisms in an ecosystem at a given time The dry weight of organic carbon. Endemic Species. A species that is native to the area and ONLY found in that area Koala Panda

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Biodiversity

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  1. Biodiversity • The number of different species that live within an ecosystem

  2. Biomass • The mass of living biological organisms in an ecosystem at a given time • The dry weight of organic carbon

  3. Endemic Species • A species that is native to the area and ONLY found in that area • Koala • Panda • Kangaroo

  4. Endemic Species • Lemur, kiwi, platypus, rainforest frogs

  5. Galapagos Islands • Frigate Bird • Red footed bobby • Blue footed bobby • Galapagos penguin • Galapagos turtle

  6. Invasive Species • A species that does not naturally occur in an area and causes harm to the ecosystem Dyer’s Woad Zebra Mussels

  7. Invasive Species • Cheat Grass • Eurasian Dove

  8. Invasive Species • Burmese Python • Giant Rat

  9. Keystone Species • A species that is vital to an ecosystem and the entire ecosystem will be affected if it is removed

  10. Keystone Species

  11. Endangered Species • A species whose numbers are so small that it is at risk of extinction

  12. Endangered Species • Arctic Fox • Arctic tundra (Alaska, Canada, Russia) • 100’s of thousands • Climate change • Fur harvesting • Diseases from wild dogs

  13. Endangered Species • Peregrine Falcon • 1650 breeding pairs • U.S. and Canada: wide range • DDT and DDE (pesticides banned in the 1970’s) causes thinning of egg shells

  14. Endangered Species • Killer Whale • Less than 50,000 • Pollution and chemical contamination • Makes them more susceptible to disease

  15. Endangered Species • Monarch Butterfly • North and Central America- migrate to Mexico • Harvesting lumber in the area • Climate – changes migration area • Loss of milkweed plants

  16. Endangered Species • American Bison (North America) • 500,000 • Disease - Crossbreeding with cattle • Hunting

  17. Endangered Species • African and Asian Elephants • 450,000-700,000 African • 35,000-40,000 Asian • Habitat loss • Tusk harvesting

  18. Endangered Species • California Condor • 279 : 130 have been reintroduced into the wild • Western U.S., Mexico, Canada • Lead poisoning • Electrocution on power lines • Poaching

  19. Endangered Species • Mountain Gorilla • 700 • Virunga mountain region (East Africa) • Habitat loss due to human population growth • Disease • Poaching

  20. Endangered Species • Black Rhino: 2,400White Rhino: 7,500Sumatran Rhino: 400Javan Rhino: fewer than 100Indian Rhino: more than 2,000 • Poaching for horns

  21. Endangered Species • Giant Panda • China • 2000 • Climate change affecting bamboo growth • Habitat loss due to farming

  22. Endangered Species • Koala Bear • Australia • Fewer than 100,000 • Habitat destruction • Hunted for furs • Traffic accidents • Attacked by domestic dogs

  23. Endangered Species • Chimpanzee • 100,000 – 200,000 • African continent • Habitat destruction • Commercial exploitation

  24. Endangered Species • Ocelot • North and South America • 800,000 – 1.25 million • Habitat destruction • Fur harvesting

  25. Extinction • The end of a species of organism

  26. Extinct Species • Extinct animals • Labrador Duck (skunk duck) • 1878: New York City • Over harvesting by humans (hunting)

  27. Extinct Species • Javan Tiger • Indonesian Islands • 1976 • Human expansion • Food source exhausted (Rusa deer) • Bali Tiger • 1937 • Habitat loss • Over harvesting

  28. Extinct Species • North African Elephant • Egypt and Mediterranean • Used as war elephants

  29. Extinct Species • Passenger Pigeon • 1914 • North America

  30. Extinct Species • Dodo Bird • Late 17th century • Island of Mauritius

  31. Reasons • Poaching • Pollution • Over hunting • Loss of habitat • Disease • Invasive Species • Predation • Climate change • Natural disasters • Meteorite impacts, volcanoes • Hurricanes, tsunami

  32. Mass Extinctions • Mass Extinction: when several groups of species die out due to a major ecosystem changing event

  33. Mass Extinctions 1. Ordovician: 438 million years ago • Cause: Ice Age • 100 families extinct • More than half of the brachiopod species extinct

  34. Mass Extinctions 2. Devonian: about 370 mya • Global climate change: Ice Age or Warming Period • 19% of animal families extinct (mostly Aquatic)

  35. Mass Extinctions 3. Permian: about 245 mya • Largest mass extinction • Causes? Climate change due to mass volcanic eruptions or plate tectonic movement • 95% of all species

  36. Mass Extinctions 4. Triassic: 210 mya • Global Ice Age • 28% of all animal families die out • Most early dinosaur families went extinct

  37. Mass Extinctions 5. Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T): 65 mya • Meteorite impact and/or volcanic eruptions • About half of all life forms died out including • Dinosaurs • Ammonites • Fish • Clams • Snails • Sponges • Sea urchins

  38. Evidence for Meteorite Impact

  39. The 6th Mass Extinction • 1993 • The Theory that humans will cause another mass extinction • Only extinction caused by biotic factors • Pollution • Habitat destruction • Over harvesting • Exploitation of resources (poaching) • Introduction of invasive species

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