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Understanding Medical Terminology: Orthopedics, Osteopathy, and Body Regions

This unit explores essential medical terminology related to orthopedics and osteopathy, providing definitions and meanings of terms concerning bones, joints, tendons, and anatomical structures. Key components include the meanings of prefixes, suffixes, and root words, such as oste/o (bone), arthr/o (joint), and myel/o (bone marrow). The unit emphasizes common conditions like osteoporosis, arthritis, and tendonitis, as well as surgical procedures like arthroscopy and osteotomy. Acquaint yourself with the language of healthcare professionals in the field of musculoskeletal medicine.

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Understanding Medical Terminology: Orthopedics, Osteopathy, and Body Regions

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  1. Medical Terminology Unit 4 Orthopedics, Osteopathy, and Body Regions

  2. o/pathy o/lysis o/stasis o/meter o/stomy o/logy o/trophy o/clysis o/graphy o/metry o/tomy Pronunciation

  3. Oste/o = Bone • Osteon = bone • Oste/o/pathy: disease of the bones • Doctor of Osteopathy (DO) • Oste/itis: inflammation of the bone • Oste/o/malac/ia: softening of the bones • Oste/oma, oste/o/mata: bone tumor

  4. Oste/o = Bone • Oste/o/por/osis: deterioration of the bone matrix causing pores and weakness • Poros = passageway • Oste/o/sarc/oma: bone cancer

  5. Dys- = difficult or poor, defective, abnormal • Inter- between • Peri- around or near • -plasia = growth, development, or formation • -scope = instrument used to look at… • -plasty = surgical repair or reconstruction

  6. Myel/o = Bone Marrow or Spinal Cord • Encephal/o/myel/o/pathy: disease of the brain and spinal cord • Oste/o/myel/itis: inflammation of the bone and marrow • Myel/o/dys/plasia: defective formation of the spinal cord • Myel/o/cyt/ic: pertaining to myelocyte • Myel/o/cele: herniation of the spinal cord • Myel/o/blast: bone marrow germ cell

  7. Arthr/o = Joint • Arthr/o/scope: An instrument used to look at joints • Arthr/o/scopy: procedure for examining the joints with arthroscope • Arthr/o/dys/plasia: defective formation of a joint • Arthr/o/plasty: surgical repair of a joint • Arthr/itis: inflammation of a joint • Oste/o/arthr/itis: inflammation and destruction of bone and joint tissue • Arthr/o/tomy: incision into a joint

  8. -plasia = development • Hyper/plasia: Excessive development • Hypo/plasia: Deficient development • A/plasia: Failure of development

  9. Ten/o, Tend/o, Tendin/o = Tendon • Repair of the tendons: • Tend/o/plasty • Ten/o/plasty • Tendin/o/plasty • Inflammation of the tendons: • Tendon/itis • Tendin/itis • Tendon pain: • Ten/algia • Ten/o/dynia

  10. Burs/o = Bursa • A small serous sac between a tendon and a bone • Bursa = purse or bag • Burs/itis: inflammation of a bursa • Burs/ectomy: excision of a bursa • Burs/ae: (plural) more than one bursa

  11. Chondr/o = Cartilage • Oste/o/chondr/itis: inflammation of bone and cartilage • Chondr/ectomy: excision of cartilage • Pain in or around cartilage: • Chondr/algia • Chondr/o/dynia • Chondr/o/costal: pertaining to cartilage and ribs • Inter/chondr/al: between cartilages • Hypo/chondr/iac: below the cartilage. (also means one who has abnormal concern about one’s health.)

  12. Cost/o = Ribs • Cost/ectomy: excision of a rib or ribs • Cost/al: pertaining to the ribs • Inter/cost/al: between the ribs

  13. Dent = Teeth • Inter/dent/al: between the teeth • Dent/al: pertaining to the teeth • Dent/algia: toothache • Dentoid: resembling a tooth

  14. Odont/o = shaped like a tooth • Orth/odont/ist: dentist who specializes in straightening teeth • Peri/odont/al: around or near the teeth

  15. Peri/oste/um: Peri/chondr/ium: Peri/cardi/um: membrane around the bone membrane around the cartilage membrane around the heart Peri- = Around or Near

  16. Orth/o = Straight • Orth/o/ped/ist: physician who specializes in the prevention and treatment of musculoskeletal disorders • Orth/o/sis, orth/o/tic: devices used to stabilize or prevent deformity • Orth/o/tist: specialist who designs and fit orthotics

  17. Prosth = Artificial body/replacement • Prosth/esis: artificial appliance that replaces amputated body parts • Prosthet/ist: specialist in making artificial body parts • Prosthet/ic: (adjective) Pertaining to a prosthesis

  18. Back Lumb/o = lower back Lumb/ar = (adj.) pertaining to lower back Thorac/o = chest, thorax Thorac/o/lumb/ar

  19. Supra-= higher in position, over, above • Supra/lumb/ar = above the lumbar region • Supra/cost/al = above the ribs • Supra/crani/al = on top of the skull • Supra/pubic = above pubis • Supra/pelvic = above pelvis

  20. Pub/o = pelvis • Pub/is = (noun) bone of the pelvis • Pub/ic = (adj.) • Pelv/is = formed by the pelvic bones • Pelvis (singular) • Pelves (plural) • Pelvimetry • Pelvimeter

  21. Cephal/o/pelv/ic • CPD = Cephal/o/pelv/ic Disproportion • When the head of the fetus is larger than the diameter of the mother’s pelvis. • This results in inability to deliver the baby vaginally.

  22. -meter = instrument used to measure • Speed/o/meter • Cyt/o/meter • Thorac/o/meter • Cardi/o/meter

  23. Ab- = from, away from • Ab/norm/al = deviating from normal • Ab/errant = wandering from (the normal course of events or routes) • i.e. nerve fibers, blood or lymph vessels • Ab/duction = movement away from midline • Ducere, duct = to lead or move

  24. Ad- = toward • Ad/duct/ion = (noun) Movement toward a midline, (adduct = verb) • Ad/dict/ion = being drawn toward some habit, (an addict = a person who is addicted) • Ad/hes/ion = formed when 2 normally separate tissues join together

  25. Abdomin/o = Abdomen • Abdomin/al: pertaining to the abdomen RUQ LUQ Right Upper Left Upper Quadrant Quadrant RLQ LLQ Right Lower Left Lower Quadrant Quadrant

  26. Centesis, Paracentesis • insertion of a needle into a cavity for the purpose of aspirating fluid • Abdomin/o/centesis: tapping or puncture of the abdomen. • Amni/o/centesis: surgical puncture of the amnion • Cardi/o/centesis: surgical puncture of the heart

  27. Cyst/o = bladder • Abdomin/o/cystic: pertaining to the abdomen and bladder • Cyst/o/tomy: incision into the urinary bladder • Cyst/ectomy: excision of the urinary bladder • Cyst/o/scopy: process of examining with an instrument into the urinary bladder • Cyst/o/plasty: surgical repair of the bladder • Cyst/o/cele: bladder herniation into the vagina

  28. Cyst/o usually refers to the urinary bladder • cystoscopy • Cholecyst/o indicates a gallbladder • cholecystitis • -cyst (suffix) indicates a less specific fluid-filled saclike structure • Hydrocyst

  29. Thorac/o = Thorax or Chest • Thorac/ic: pertaining to the chest • Thoraces (plural) • Abdomin/o/thorac/ic: pertaining to the abdomen and thorax • Thorac/o/tomy: incision of the chest • Thorac/o/centesis or Thoracentesis: surgical tapping of the chest to remove fluid • Thorac/o/pathy: chest disease • Thorac/o/lumbar: pertaining to the thoracic and lumbar

  30. Hydro- = Water or Fluid • Hydro/cyst: a sac filled with watery fluid • Hydro/cele: accumulation of fluid in a saclike cavity, especially in the scrotum • Hydro/cephalus (noun): enlarged head due to increased amount of fluid in the skull. Hydro/cephal/ic (adj.) • Hydro/phobia: abnormal fear of water • Hydro/therapy: Treatment by water

  31. Abbreviation • AOA American Osteopathic Association • C1-C7 Cervical Vertebrae 1-7 • CPD Cephalopelvic Disproportion • CXR Chest X-ray • Cysto Cystoscopy • DDS Doctor of Dental Surgery (Dentist) • DO Doctor of Osteopathy • DTs Delirium Tremens • FAS Fetal Alcohol Syndrome • Fx Fracture • H2O Water

  32. Abbreviation • L1-L5 Lumbar vertebrae 1-5 • LLQ Left Lower Quadrant (abdomen) • LUQ Left Upper Quadrant (abdomen) • OA Osteoarthritis • OMT Osteopathic Manipulative Therapy • Ortho (Orth) Orthopedics (orthopedist) • PT Physical Therapy • RA Rheumatoid Arthritis • RLQ Right Lower Quadrant (abdomen) • RUQ Right Upper Quadrant (abdomen) • T1-T12 Thoracic vertebrae 1-12

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