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Computer Architecture CST 250

Computer Architecture CST 250. MEMORY ARCHITECTURE Prepared by:Omar Hirzallah. Contents. CPU & Main Memory Architecture RAM & Types Comparison CMOS ROM & Types. CPU & Main Memory Architecture (Von Neuman). Data Bus. Input / Output. Processor. ROM. RAM. C.U. A.L.U. Address Bus.

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Computer Architecture CST 250

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  1. Computer ArchitectureCST 250 MEMORY ARCHITECTURE Prepared by:Omar Hirzallah

  2. Contents • CPU & Main Memory Architecture • RAM & Types • Comparison • CMOS • ROM & Types

  3. CPU & Main Memory Architecture (Von Neuman) Data Bus Input / Output Processor ROM RAM C.U. A.L.U. Address Bus Control Bus

  4. RAM • RAM = RWM. • Random Access Memory, it means, to access the memory location in the entire memory is very easy and fast. • RAM is used for temporary storage of program and data. • It is volatile so it will lose the data if the power is turned off. • You can W/R from it with equal ease.

  5. Comparison of DRAM & SRAM

  6. Types of DRAM 1. SDRAM: Synchronous DRAM • It is a type of DRAM that can run at much higher clock speeds than conventional memory. • SDRAM actually synchronizes itself with the CPU's bus and is capable of running at 133 MHz, • About twice as fast EDO DRAM. • SDRAM is replacing EDO DRAM in many newer computers • SDRAM usually comes in DIMM packaging, which itself comes in several different formats (buffered and un-buffered, 3.3 volts and 5 volts).

  7. 2. DDR: Double Data Rate SDRAM • DDR SDRAM is similar in function to regular SDRAM, but doubles the bandwidth of the memory by transferring data twice per cycle--on both the rising and falling edges of the clock signal. 3. RDRAM Direct Rambus DRAM • a high-speed 16-bit bus running at a clock rate of 400 MHz • As with DDR SDRAM, transfers are accomplished on the rising and falling edges of the clock, yielding an effective theoretical bandwidth of approximately 1.6 G.bytes/second (DRAM) • Used with Intel PIII and P4.

  8. CMOS: complementary metal oxide semiconductor CMOS chips require less power than chips using just one type of transistor. This makes them particularly attractive for use in battery-powered devices, such as portable computers. Personal computers also contain a small amount of battery-powered CMOS memory to hold the date, time, and system setup parameters.

  9. ROM & ITS Types: ROM  (READ ONLY MEMORY) It is an integrated circuit that is programmed with specific instructions at the time of its manufacturing. It is also known as “FIRMWARE”. Firmware means that it’s a hardware component along with built in software stored on it. 1: PROM  Programmable Read Only Memory: It has a special device for its burning named PROM Programmer, but It can be burned only once. 2: EPROM  Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory: It can be erased by using Ultra violet light rays. 3: FLASH MEMORY OR EEPROM  Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory:It can be erased electronically for burning again, e.g. BIOS, CMOS etc. BIOS stands for BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEMS

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