Organ Systems Dr. Lui McSneeri
Digestive System Description: Supplies the fuel that keeps all the body’s cells running and the building blocks needed for cell growth and repair.
Digestive System Concepts • Consists of cells and organs from the mouth to the intestine, muscular tube • Works with circulatory and lymphatic systems • Consists of 6 functions: ingestion, mechanical processing digestion, secretion, absorption and excretion Vocabulary • Gastrointestinal tract • Alimentary canal • Peritoneal cavity
Respiratory system Description: Composed of structures (organs) involved in ventilation and gas exchange
Respiratory System Concepts: • Consists of 5 basic functions • Works with the circulatory system • Two major sections: • Upper respiratory system • Lower respiratory system Vocabulary: • Diffusion • Respiratory tract • External nares
Lymphatic System Description: Responsible for the cells, tissues and organs which defend the body against environmental hazards (ex. pathogens) and internal threats (ex. cancer).
Lymphatic System Concepts: • Works with immune and circulatory systems • Consists of a fluid which travels through the body in tubes similar to blood vessels • 3 different types of cells Vocabulary: • Lymphocytes • Spleen • Lymph
Urinary System Description: Removes metabolic wastes through the production of urine
Urinary System Concepts: • 3 primary functions: excretion, elimination, homeostatic regulation • Works with the circulatory system • Muscular organs used for storage and the release of urine Vocabulary: • Kidneys • Vascular tissue • Nephrons
Integumentary System Description: System is the outside covering consisting cells which protect the internal organs of the body (hair, skin, nails, internal glands)
Integumentary System Concepts: • Consists of two major parts: epidermis and dermis • There are 8 basic functions of the skin • Works with the circulatory system Vocabulary: • Integument • Strata • Keratin
Muscular System Description: Specialized cells which use chemical energy stored in nutrients to exert a pulling force on structures they are attached to; muscles to bones
Muscular System Concepts: • Provide muscle tone, propel body fluids and food • Generate a heartbeat and distribute heat • 3 types: skeletal cardiac smooth Vocabulary: • Fast and slow twitch fibers • Motor neurons • Tendon—attach muscles to bone • Origin and insertion
Circulatory System Description: Series of vessels (tubes) which transport blood, nutrients, gases, throughout the organism
Circulatory System Concepts: • Consists of heart and vessels • Blood contains white and red cells and platelets • Double loop path (figure 8) Vocabulary: • Veins—carries blood toward the heart • Arteries—carries blood away from the heart • Pulmonary circuit • Systemic circuit
Skeletal System Description: Organs support and protect soft tissues, provide points of attachment for muscles, house blood producing cells and store inorganic salts
Skeletal System Concepts: • Size, shape and thickness relates to bone function • Bones are the organs • 4 types of bones: long, short, flat and irregular • Approx.. 206 bones +/- Vocabulary: • Epiphysis—ends of bones • 2 types: axial appendicular
Nervous System Description: Functions by receiving information, deciding action and reacting to stimuli
Nervous System Concepts: • Consists of two major regions; CNS– central nervous syst brain and spinal cord PNS—peripheral nervous syst outside of spinal cord • Uses system of connected nerves • Connected to muscles Vocabulary: • Somatic: • Autonomic • Neuron
Endocrine System Description: Involves the production, regulation and distribution of hormones which act as chemical messengers regulating sleep, body temperature, hunger, gender development and stress management
Endocrine System Concepts: • Helps preserve homeostasis by coordinating cellular activities • Works with nervous system • Control hormones which alter operations of targeted cells Vocabulary: • Hormones • Intracellular • Physiological
Excretory system Description: Used to remove excess and unnecessary materials from an organism to help maintain homeostasis. These waste products are the result of metabolic processes and consist of a solid, liquid, gas and sweat.
Excretory system Concepts: • Consists of several organs which filter and remove waste material • Works closely with the Endocrine and Circulatory system • Requires water to work properly Vocabulary: • Bile • Interstitial fluid • Amino acids
Reproductive System Description: Ensures the continued existence of the species by producing, storing, nourishing and transporting functional male and female reproductive cells
Reproductive System Concepts: • Asexual and sexual forms • External and internal forms of fertilization • Consists of accessory glands and organs and internal and external genitalia Vocabulary: • Gonads–produces male and female sex cells • Spermatogenesis • Oogenesis
Immune System Description: The ability to fight infection, illness and disease
Immune System Concepts: • 2 types: innate (nonspecific) adaptive (specific) • 2 forms of immunity: Active and Passive • Involves cellular and chemical interactions Vocabulary: • Phagocytes • Micro and Macro – phages • Pathogens • Antigens
