1. LFA Logical Framework Approach Goal Oriented Project Planning
2. Project Success How? Engagement
Ownership clearly defined
Clear division of responsibilities
Realism!! (purpose)
Connection Activities Objectives
Capacity to handle risks
Flexibility
Beneficiaries engaged in project planning
..LFA is a useful tool to reach success!
3. LFA Characteristics Finding the roots before setting the objectives
Objectives & beneficiary oriented
Participatory/Ownership!
Consensus oriented
Focus on logical links
Systematic common sense!!!
4. Why LFA? Ensures the RELEVANCE, FEASIBILITY and SUSTAINABILITY of a project
Facilitates a dialogue / OWNERSHIP manifested!
Ensures that fundamental questions are asked and weaknesses are analysed
Defines the key elements & the settings of a project
Identifies measurements/indicators of the projects achievements
5. The nine steps of an LFA analyses 1 Analysis of projects Context
2 Analysis of Stakeholders
3 Problem Analysis/Situation Analysis
4 Objectives Analysis
5 Plan of Activities
6 Plan of Resources/Inputs
7 Indicators/measurements
8 Risk Analysis
9 Analysis of Assumptions
6. Step 1: Projects Context Changes/projects are part of a larger context/a situation
Which environment will the project be situated in?
Which factors are of importance for achieving the objectives?
Analysis of Context made through a study and/or through making a SWOT analysis
7. SWOT analysis A tool for auditing /identifying e.g. an environments:
Strengths
Weaknesses
Opportunities
Threats
8. Step 2: Stakeholder Analysis Stakeholders - those influenced by and exert an influence on the project entity
Mapping of stakeholders and their respective roles
Who will be influenced, positively or negatively, by the project
Which stakeholders should be involved in planning and/or implementing the project
9. Step 2 Stakeholder Analysis Four main groups of stakeholders;
Beneficiaries
Implementers
Financing agents
Decision makers
10. PROBLEMANALYSIS CRUCIAL! As with weeds, the roots must be tackled, if the weeds are to disappear
11. Step 3: Problem Analysis Finding the roots of the evil
Which is the problem to be solved?
Who owns the problem?
One focal problem, focus!
Find the causes and effects to the focal problem
The causes of the problem shall be tackled through activities within the framework of the project in order to solve the problem in a sustainable way
12. Problem Tree
13. Step 4: Objectives Analysis Three levels 1 Overall Objectives/Development Objectives; Often Governmental level, long term perspective, i e social welfare, economic growth...
Time frame: 5 10 years
2 Project objectives or Project Purpose; which are the objectives that the intervention/project should be able to achieve, solve the focal problem, time frame, medium term (i.e. frequency of deaths in x-region reduced by x%) Time frame:0 3 years.
3 Outputs/Targets/Results; the output describe the services to be produced by the project, what services to the beneficiary get access to? Short term/directly after the project activities. Time frame: now
14. LFA Overall Objectives (step 4/1) Long-term social and or economic benefits, to which the project will contribute
Not achieved by the project on its own, several projects contribute
States the positive state for beneficiaries and for the society
Examples;
- Economic growth in region X increased,
- Reduced infant mortality
- Increased income of farming families
15. LFA Project Purpose (step 4/2) The main reason for having a project ! WHY a project
Connection to the focal problem
Sets out the benefits, which the beneficiaries derive from the project
Implementing agencies should enable for the beneficiaries to achieve the benefits by delivering the required services/results
Examples;
- Improved labour productivity for crop X achieved..,
- Health hazards (for certain diseases) of the population in area X reduced to a certain standard etc...
16. LFA Results (step 4/3) Connected to the causes of the focal problem
Sets out the services which the beneficiaries will receive from the implementing agency through the project
Examples;
- Farmers able to apply more efficient maize production techniques,
- Adequate mother and child care provided to the people in region X,
- Improved transport between A and B
17. SMART project purpose Specific
Measurable
Accurate or Approved
Realistic
Time bound
18. Step 5: Activities Tackle the causes of the focal problem
What will be done under the project to deliver the services/results required by the beneficiaries
Usually expressed as an action
Means to achieve the objectives, not the objectives
Examples;
- Rehabilitate health posts, - Train rural health staff, - Re-construct road from A to B
19. Step 6: Inputs/Resources Experts and personnel (local and foreign)/Counter part, project group
Financing (loans, grants, funds) cost sharing? Future long term financing?
Equipment
Premises
20. Step 7: Indicators Measure achievements A baseline study might be needed to be able to measure the final results?
The process of setting up indicators shows if the objectives are vague
Indicators should answer the questions:
For whom? What? When? Where? How much? What quality?
21. Step 8: Risk Analysis Analysis of factors which may influence the implementation of the project and hence the achievement of objectives
Internal and External risks
Alternative strategies may be needed?
Risk management
22. Step 9: Analysis of Assumptions The project in the perspective of society/ institutional situation in a country (laws, political commitments, financing)
Assumptions describe situations and conditions, which are necessary for project success, but which are largely beyond the control of the project management
Assumptions on each level of objective
Ex. Prevailed stable political situation
23. Why different steps in LFA? Relevance; Step 1 4 Context, Stakeholder-, Problem- and Objectives analysis. Logical links between problems and solutions, Relevant to support? (in accordance with strategies and problems in the country/sector?)
Feasible; Step 5 7 Plan of Activities, Resources/inputs and Indicators. Are the resources sufficient to achieve the objectives? (Resources: Personnel, time, funding, equipment)
Sustainable; Step 8 9 Risk analysis and Assumptions. If the project is sustainable, will the effects of the project remain without continuos external assistance outside?
24. Homepages for information on LFA www.google.com/logical framework approach
www.sida.se/
http://www.ausaid.gov.au/ausguide/ausguidelines/1.html
http://lgausa.com/logframe_approach.htm
http://www.cgiar.org/isnar/gender/hambly.htm
http://www.pcm-group.com/services_helpdesk_faq.jsp
http://europa.eu.int/comm/europeaid/evaluation/methods/PCM_Manual_EN-march2001.pdf
25. LFA matrix/Log Frame
26. LFA summary Relevant, Feasible and Sustainable projects/programs - success!
Participation & ownership!
Joint approach to project
Make problem analysis with accuracy /time to correctly analyze causes & effects
Connection problems and objectives
Add analysis such as cost effectiveness and gender, study on environmental aspects and make a clear division of responsibilities
LFA during all phases of the project
27. How the LFA method works depends very much on its users LFA is no better and no worse than its users
