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The Other Personality Theorists Carl Jung

The Other Personality Theorists Carl Jung. one of the most influential thinkers of 20 th century prolific writer founder of analytic psychology developed free association agreed with Freud on the efficacy of analyzing dreams friend and colleague of Freud for brief period

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The Other Personality Theorists Carl Jung

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  1. The Other Personality Theorists Carl Jung • one of the most influential thinkers of 20th century • prolific writer • founder of analytic psychology • developed free association • agreed with Freud on the efficacy of analyzing dreams • friend and colleague of Freud for brief period • eventual falling out b. 1875 in Switzerland d. 1961

  2. Carl Jung • Relatively normal childhood (compared to Freud) • father was a church pastor • not Jewish • interest include different cultures • learned many languages, including Sanskrit • studied medicine at University of Basel • interested also in occult and spiritual things • fascinated by “coincidences”

  3. Carl Jung Jung and Freud • corresponded regularly and influenced each other’s ideas • met in 1906 and talked for 13 straight hours!! • 1909 - travelled to United States  Clark University in Worcester • disagreed over nature of unconscious • considered Freud too negative & not expansive enough • last met 1913 after Jung resigned from Freud’s Psychoanalytic Society

  4. Carl Jung His theory • Personality divided in 3 parts (like Freud) • Ego, Personal Unconscious, & Collective Unconscious • Personal Unconscious  contains experiences that were once conscious but have since been forgotten, ignored, or repressed • can be powerful and bad if they prevent developing true IDENTITY Ego Personal Unconscious Collective Unconscious

  5. Carl Jung • THE COLLECTIVE UNCONSCIOUS • So what is it?? • contains all the shared memories of humanity from the beginning of time • exist as unseen forces which influence one’s thoughts, feelings, and perceptions • “The past, the present, and the future are happening all around us.” • – Carl Jung - Freud’s unconscious was a “seething cauldron” of instincts - Jung’s unconscious was a window to ourselves!

  6. Carl Jung So what’s in the Collective Unconscious?? Well, I’ll tell you! • Archetypes - universal thought patterns • things that we all share – there are thousands of them • an example of an archetype • mother • Persona – public mask • anima (female side of men & animus (male side of women) • provide shading & balance to the personality • shadow - represents the primitive side of the personality

  7. Carl Jung Three Principles • Principle of the Opposites • every thought, impulse, etc. has its opposite • Principle of Equivalence • each opposite has equal energy • Principle of Entropy • energy dissipates over time Myers-Briggs Personality Inventory Introvert – Extrovert Sensing – Intuiting Thinking – Feeling Judging - Perceiving

  8. Carl Jung Last thing – Synchronicity - experience of two or more events that are apparently causally unrelated occurring together in a meaningful manner Ok, I lied! One other thing – • Self - life goal of striving for unity & completeness • Transcend the Self – become best person you can be – perfect oneself

  9. Erik Erikson The guy with the funny name • born to prominent Jewish mother; father was Danish • blonde hair, blue eyes • Erik Homberger • left formal schooling and wandered in Europe • tutored students in art in Vienna – met Anna Freud – enrolled in Vienna Psychoanalytic Institute • 1933 – emigrated to U.S. • taught first at Harvard, later Yale, and then University of California at Berkeley b. 1902 in Germany d. 1994 in U.S.

  10. Erik Erikson • left west coast and returned to Harvard until retirement in 1970s • interested in issues of Native Americans • Lakota Sioux dream quest • combine his own experience and the Sioux and you get the key to personality IDENTITY

  11. Erik Erikson Stages of Psychosocial Development • disagreed with Freud – eight stages – development throughout life • conflict in each stage • resolution creates virtue – understanding of some profound significance lack of resolution creates issues  maladaptive and malignant tendency – think Freud’s fixation Issue is  SOCIAL

  12. Erik Erikson

  13. Erik Erikson

  14. Erik Erikson Trust v mistrust – to trust Ego-identity v. role confusion – to trust self Autonomy v. shame and doubt Intimacy v. isolation – to love - to do Initiative v. Guilt – to plan Generativity v. self-absorption - to plan for the future Industry v. inferiority – to Ego-Integrity v. Despair – to complete complete oneself

  15. Alfred Adler • affected by rickets – prevented from walking until 4 • almost died at age 5 from pneumonia • worked with circus performers as young doctor – what the heck does that have to do with anything?????? • I’ll tell you later!! • instead, let’s talk about Theodore Roosevelt Alfred Adler 1873 - 1937

  16. Alfred Adler So, what do circus performers, Theodore Roosevelt, and Alfred Adler have in common?? • INFERIORITY, that’s what!!!!!! • everyone is born inferior • 2 types of inferiority • organ inferiority  • psychological inferiority  real perceived • Must learn to deal with these inferiorities  2 unhealthy responses and 1 healthy responses • Inferiority Complex - general sense of inadequacy, weakness, & helplessness  keeps one from improving - prevents mastery

  17. Alfred Adler • Superiority Complex - feelings of accomplishment despite little real achievement • exaggerates accomplishments • masked inadequacies & limitations - Better way to respond to inferiorities  Compensation – overcome shortcomings (but perhaps not the way this guy is doing it)

  18. Alfred Adler Fictional Finalism - establish goals (do not need to be realistic) and try to attain them – striving for superiority will improve the self Now, ask me about birth order

  19. Karen Horney • born in Germany with strict authoritarian father – disliked him • leaves home after high school to attend college without parental support - decided if she could not be pretty, she would be smart  attends Med School in 1909 • loved her older half-brother; depressed when he rejected her • no wonder she becomes a Freudian psychologist! • marries Oscar Horney – I wonder what he was like? • left Oscar and leaves with children to America in 1926 1885-1952

  20. Karen Horney • starts as Freudian analyst but rejects key elements of Freud – especially sex is everything • rejects Oedipus Complex • rejects 3-part personality (id, ego, superego) • rejects penis envy • Instead proposes Womb Envy • men are jealous of a woman’s reproductive capability! • provides a feminist perspective!

  21. Karen Horney • Defines neurosis  • poorly chosen strategies in life • we have needs – Neurotic Needs 1. affection and approval 2. a “partner” who will take over one’s life 3. restrict one’s life within narrow borders; become inconspicuous 4. power, for control over others and domination • 5. exploit others and get the better of • them • 6. social recognition or prestige • 7. personal admiration • 8. personal achievement • self sufficiency and independence • 10. perfection and unassailability; feelings of superiority

  22. Karen Horney Personality Types Compliant Type – wishes to avoid any and all conflicts – moves toward others - needs 1-3 Aggressive Type - utilizes aggressive acts to prevent anyone from hurting them- moves against others – needs 4-8 Detached type - moves away from other people in order to protect their self-esteem- needs 3, 9-10

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