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Atomic Theory & Chemical Compounds: A Brief Overview

Understanding the fundamentals of atomic theory, laws of conservation of mass and definite proportions, along with key concepts like Avogadro's hypothesis and modern atomic models. Dive into the basics of atoms, elements, and compounds, exploring Dalton's atomic theory, Thomson's experiments, Rutherford's gold foil experiment, and the structure of atoms. Learn about periodic table families, nomenclature of binary ionics and covalents, polyatomic ions, and the naming conventions for acids. Expand your knowledge on chemical compounds and their properties in this comprehensive guide.

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Atomic Theory & Chemical Compounds: A Brief Overview

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 2 • Law of Conservation of Mass • Law of Definite Proportions • Law of Multiple Proportions

  2. Dalton’s Atomic Theory • Small atoms • Identical • Atoms go together to make compounds • Reactions reorganize atoms • Avogadro’s hypothesis • Equal volumes contain equal moles

  3. Early atom • Thomson • CRT • Electron • Proton • Millikan • Radioactivity

  4. Rutherford • Gold Foil Experiment • Nuclear model

  5. Modern atomic model • Electron, Proton, Neutron • Isotopes • Atomic symbol • Molecules and Ions • Polyatomic ions

  6. Periodic Table • Layout • Families to remember • Nomenclature • Binary Ionics • Type 1 NaCl, MgF2, (NH4)2S • Type 2 FeO, Fe2O3, AuS

  7. Polyatomic Ions • X = Family 17 • XO4- = per _ ate • XO3- = _ ate • XO2- = _ ite • XO- = hypo _ ite • Sulfate family • SO42- _ate • SO32- _ ite

  8. Phospate family • PO43- _ ate • PO33- _ ite • Others • CN - OH - NO3- NO2- • MnO4 - CrO4 2- Cr2O7 2- • CO3 2- C2O4 2- C2H3O2 - • NCS- O2 2- NH4+ Hg22+

  9. Binary Covalents • 1 mono • 2 di • 3 tri • 4 tetra • 5 penta • 6 hexa • 7 hepta • 8 octa • 9 nona • 10 deca • CO2, SO3, N2S4

  10. Acids • Without oxygen • Hydro_ic acid • HCl – hydrochloric acid • With oxygen • No hydro and if the polyatomic ends in ate change to ic if ite change to ous • HClO3 chloric acid • H2SO3 sulfurous acid or sulfous acid

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