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Student Goal: I can compare the layers of each atmosphere.

Student Goal: I can compare the layers of each atmosphere. Earth’s Atmosphere. What is the atmosphere?. Thin layer of air Forms protective covering around the planet. What would happen without it?. Days would be too hot Nights would be too cold. What is the atmosphere made of?.

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Student Goal: I can compare the layers of each atmosphere.

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  1. Student Goal:I can compare the layers of each atmosphere. Earth’s Atmosphere

  2. What is the atmosphere? • Thin layer of air • Forms protective covering around the planet What would happen without it? • Days would be too hot • Nights would be too cold

  3. What is the atmosphere made of? • Mixture of: • Solids • Dust • Salt • Pollen • Liquids • Water • Liquid droplets from erupting volcanoes • Gases • 78% Nitrogen • 21% Oxygen • 1% of other gases • Argon .93% • Carbon dioxide .03% • Trace elements of • Neon • Helium • Methane • Krypton • Xenon • Hydrogen • Ozone

  4. Did you know… that air has weight?

  5. Atmospheric (Air) Pressure Barometric Pressure http://www.nasa.gov/audience/foreducators/topnav/materials/listbytype/What_is_Atmospheric_Pressure.html • The force exerted on you by the weight of tiny particles of air at any location on Earth.

  6. Atmospheric Pressure • The weight of the air molecules decreases with altitude (height). • Where would you feel more pressure, in the mountains or at the beach?

  7. Atmospheric Pressure • Variations in pressure affect the weather. • Low pressure generally brings rain. • In these areas air is less dense and warm • Causing the air to rise (warm are rises) • As the air rises it cools which causes the water vapor to condense. • This forms clouds which then fall as rain. • High pressure brings sunny and clear skies. • The air is dense and cool • Causing the air to sink • Air does not condense

  8. Atmospheric Pressure

  9. Atmospheric Pressure This plastic bottle was sealed at approximately 14,000 feet altitude, and was crushed by the increase in atmospheric pressure (at 9,000 feet and 1,000 feet) as it was brought down towards sea level.

  10. Time for a break Ms. Williams!!!!

  11. What are the different layers of the atmosphere? • 5 layers distinct layers • Troposphere • Stratosphere • Mesosphere • Thermosphere • Exosphere

  12. Troposphere • Where is it? • First layer • Where you live • How high does it go? • 10 km or 6 miles wide • What occurs here? • Weather • What type of gases does it have? • 99% of the atmospheres water vapor • 75% of the atmospheric gases • What is the temperature like? • Decreases with higher altitude • What is the atmospheric pressure? • Pressure is greater at sea level. • Decreases significantly with higher altitude.

  13. Stratosphere • Where is it? • Second layer • Above troposphere • How high does it go? • From 10km (6 miles) to 50km (30 miles) above surface. (24 miles wide) • What occurs here? • Ozone layer • Commercial planes fly at lower end • What type of gases does it have? • Ozone • What is the temperature like? • Temperature rises with altitude (height) • What is the atmospheric pressure? • Decreases with altitude

  14. Ozone Layer • A layer in the atmosphere containing high concentrations of the gas ozone. • Located in the Stratosphere • Discovered in 1913 • Absorbs 97%-99% of the suns UV rays

  15. Ozone Layer

  16. Ozone Layer • Ozone gases vary at the equator and the poles. • Seasons also affect the amount of ozone in a particular place. • Spring (August or September) in Antarctica the Ozone begins to decrease. Called the Ozone hole. • In October, Ozone depletion reaches its lowest value, it begins to increase again and the hole is gone by December.

  17. Mesophere • Where is it? • Third layer of atmosphere (middle layer) • How high does it go? • From 50km to 100 km (30 miles to 62 miles) • 32 miles wide • What occurs here? • Meteors • Coldest temperatures on earth -148°F (at the top) • What type of gases does it have? • Sodium layer • Nitric acid • What is the temperature like? • Decreases with increasing altitude (height) • What is the atmospheric pressure? • Decreases with increasing altitude

  18. Middle layers • Stratosphere • Mesosphere • Lowest part of the thermosphere

  19. Ionosphere Part of the thermosphere • Ionized by UV Rays • Absorbs radio waves during the day • Reflects them at night • Allows radio waves to travel distant places

  20. Thermosphere • Where is it? • Fourth layer of atmosphere • How high does it go? • From 100 km to 600 km (62 miles to 372 miles) • 310 miles wide • What occurs here? • Ionosphere • Auroras • What type of gases does it have? • Residual amounts of oxygen • Other atmospheric gases • What is the temperature like? • Increase with altitude • Absorbs a lot of UV Heat • Depends on amount of solar activity • Temperature can reach 2, 730°F • What is the atmospheric pressure? • Decreases with altitude

  21. Exosphere • Where is it? • Fifth layer • Closest to outer space • How high does it go? • 600 km to 100,000km (372 miles to 62,000 miles • 61,628 miles wide • What occurs here? • Extremely bright sunshine • What type of gases does it have? • Hydrogen • Helium • Carbon dioxide • Atomic oxygen • What is the temperature like? • Temperature is very hot but would feel cold to us • What is the atmospheric pressure? • Extremely low molecules are so far apart they hardly ever touch

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